BUSINESS MANAGEMENT TEST BANK 2025 | HR,
LEADERSHIP, MOTIVATION, ORGANIZATIONAL
CONTROL | Q&A A+ SUCCESS GUARANTEED
Decision
☑️ Correct Answer:
Choice made from available alternatives
Decision Making
☑️ Correct Answer:
Process of identifying problems and opportunities
Programmed Decisions
☑️ Correct Answer:
Situations that have occurred often enough to enable decision rules to be developed
and applied in the future.
Involves certainty and risk.
Non-Programmed Decisions
☑️ Correct Answer:
Unique, poorly defined, and largely unstructured situations that have significant future
consequences.
Involves uncertainty and ambiguity.
Certainty
☑️ Correct Answer:
All the information needed is available.
Risk
☑️ Correct Answer:
A decision with clear goals but outcomes subject to chance of loss or failure.
Ambiguity
,☑️ Correct Answer:
Goals or problems are unclear, alternatives are difficult to define, and information about
outcomes is unavailable.
Classical Model
☑️ Correct Answer:
Based on rational economic assumptions and ideal decision-making guidelines.
● Normative: Defines how decisions should be made.
● Focuses on programmed decisions under certainty and risk.
● Seeks to maximize outcomes.
Administrative Model
☑️ Correct Answer:
Recognizes human and environmental limitations in decision-making.
● Descriptive rather than idealistic.
● Bounded rationality and satisficing (choosing the first acceptable option).
● Used for non-programmed decisions with uncertainty and ambiguity.
● Involves intuition and quasirationality.
Political Model
☑️ Correct Answer:
Used when conditions are uncertain, information is limited, and managers have
conflicting goals.
● Involves coalition building, bargaining, and discussion.
Decision-Making Steps
☑️ Correct Answer:
1. Recognition of decision requirement
2. Diagnosis and analysis of problem
3. Development of alternatives
4. Selection of desired alternative
5. Implementation of chosen alternative
6. Evaluation and feedback
Directive Decision Framework
, ☑️ Correct Answer:
Prefers simple, clear, and quick solutions with few alternatives. Efficient and rational.
Analytical Decision Framework
☑️ Correct Answer:
Prefers complex solutions based on extensive data to reach the best possible
decision.
Conceptual Decision Framework
☑️ Correct Answer:
Uses a broad perspective, discussion, and creativity to explore multiple solutions.
Behavioral Decision Framework
☑️ Correct Answer:
Focuses on people and feelings when solving problems.
Manager’s Bad Decisions
☑️ Correct Answer:
● Influenced by initial impressions
● Justifying past decisions
● Seeing what you want to see
● Perpetuating the status quo
● Being influenced by others’ decisions
● Overconfidence
Brainstorming
☑️ Correct Answer:
Face-to-face interactive group method for generating spontaneous ideas to solve
problems.
Includes electronic brainstorming, debates, devil’s advocate, and after-action
reviews to avoid groupthink and escalating commitment.
Decision
☑️ Correct Answer:
Choice made from available alternatives
LEADERSHIP, MOTIVATION, ORGANIZATIONAL
CONTROL | Q&A A+ SUCCESS GUARANTEED
Decision
☑️ Correct Answer:
Choice made from available alternatives
Decision Making
☑️ Correct Answer:
Process of identifying problems and opportunities
Programmed Decisions
☑️ Correct Answer:
Situations that have occurred often enough to enable decision rules to be developed
and applied in the future.
Involves certainty and risk.
Non-Programmed Decisions
☑️ Correct Answer:
Unique, poorly defined, and largely unstructured situations that have significant future
consequences.
Involves uncertainty and ambiguity.
Certainty
☑️ Correct Answer:
All the information needed is available.
Risk
☑️ Correct Answer:
A decision with clear goals but outcomes subject to chance of loss or failure.
Ambiguity
,☑️ Correct Answer:
Goals or problems are unclear, alternatives are difficult to define, and information about
outcomes is unavailable.
Classical Model
☑️ Correct Answer:
Based on rational economic assumptions and ideal decision-making guidelines.
● Normative: Defines how decisions should be made.
● Focuses on programmed decisions under certainty and risk.
● Seeks to maximize outcomes.
Administrative Model
☑️ Correct Answer:
Recognizes human and environmental limitations in decision-making.
● Descriptive rather than idealistic.
● Bounded rationality and satisficing (choosing the first acceptable option).
● Used for non-programmed decisions with uncertainty and ambiguity.
● Involves intuition and quasirationality.
Political Model
☑️ Correct Answer:
Used when conditions are uncertain, information is limited, and managers have
conflicting goals.
● Involves coalition building, bargaining, and discussion.
Decision-Making Steps
☑️ Correct Answer:
1. Recognition of decision requirement
2. Diagnosis and analysis of problem
3. Development of alternatives
4. Selection of desired alternative
5. Implementation of chosen alternative
6. Evaluation and feedback
Directive Decision Framework
, ☑️ Correct Answer:
Prefers simple, clear, and quick solutions with few alternatives. Efficient and rational.
Analytical Decision Framework
☑️ Correct Answer:
Prefers complex solutions based on extensive data to reach the best possible
decision.
Conceptual Decision Framework
☑️ Correct Answer:
Uses a broad perspective, discussion, and creativity to explore multiple solutions.
Behavioral Decision Framework
☑️ Correct Answer:
Focuses on people and feelings when solving problems.
Manager’s Bad Decisions
☑️ Correct Answer:
● Influenced by initial impressions
● Justifying past decisions
● Seeing what you want to see
● Perpetuating the status quo
● Being influenced by others’ decisions
● Overconfidence
Brainstorming
☑️ Correct Answer:
Face-to-face interactive group method for generating spontaneous ideas to solve
problems.
Includes electronic brainstorming, debates, devil’s advocate, and after-action
reviews to avoid groupthink and escalating commitment.
Decision
☑️ Correct Answer:
Choice made from available alternatives
