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BKAT STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
What to do first if patient has chest pain. - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Rest!
ECG changes in an acute MI - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ ST
elevation in 2 or more contiguous leads. Ischemia d/t full
thickness loss of muscle. EMERGENCY.
Inferior leads - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ II, III, aVF. RCA
occlusion.
Septal leads - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ V1 & V2.
Anterior leads - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ V1 - V4. LAD
lesion.
Lateral leads - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ V5, V6, I, and aVL.
Circumflex lesion.
Cardiac enzymes - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Troponins, CK-
MB, and CK
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Changes in CK - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Rise: 3-6 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 3-4 days
Changes in CK-MB - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Released
after myocardial necrosis. Specific for myocardial
damage.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 2-3 days
Troponin I - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Protein found in
cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 5-10 days
Troponin T - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Protein found in
cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 12-48 hours
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Normal: 5-14 days
Common conditions that cause a murmur - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation (both
acute & chronic), mitral valve regurgitation (both acute
& chronic), mitral valve stenosis
Drugs to decrease afterload/SVR/PVR - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ (Arterial Dilators) Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin,
amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca channel blockers
Drugs to increased afterload/SVR/PVR - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ (Vasopressors) Epinepherine, norepinepherine,
dopamine, neosynephrine
Drugs to decrease contractility/SVI - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Beta blockers (atenolol, metoprolol,
propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca channel blockers
Drugs to increase contractility/SVI - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Positive inotropes, dobutamine, dopamine,
milrinone, and digoxin
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Drugs to decrease preload/CVP/PAWP - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Venous Dilators - Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside,
amrinone, alpha & Ca channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide, bumex, mannitol
Drugs to increase preload/CVP/PAWP - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Volume - Colloid, crystalloids, blood,
hetastarch
Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
Complications when using thrombolytics - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Allergic reaction, bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
Failure to capture - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Pacer delivers
a stimulus at the appropriate time but no depolarization
occurs. No P or QRS wave after pacer spike.
Failure to fire/pace - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ No pacer
spikes seen
Failure to sense - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Pacemaker does
not detects heart's intrinsic activity or interprets
noncardiac activity as intrinsic activity. Spikes in
inappropriate times.
BKAT STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
What to do first if patient has chest pain. - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Rest!
ECG changes in an acute MI - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ ST
elevation in 2 or more contiguous leads. Ischemia d/t full
thickness loss of muscle. EMERGENCY.
Inferior leads - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ II, III, aVF. RCA
occlusion.
Septal leads - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ V1 & V2.
Anterior leads - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ V1 - V4. LAD
lesion.
Lateral leads - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ V5, V6, I, and aVL.
Circumflex lesion.
Cardiac enzymes - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Troponins, CK-
MB, and CK
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Changes in CK - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Rise: 3-6 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 3-4 days
Changes in CK-MB - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Released
after myocardial necrosis. Specific for myocardial
damage.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 2-3 days
Troponin I - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Protein found in
cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 5-10 days
Troponin T - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Protein found in
cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 12-48 hours
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Normal: 5-14 days
Common conditions that cause a murmur - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation (both
acute & chronic), mitral valve regurgitation (both acute
& chronic), mitral valve stenosis
Drugs to decrease afterload/SVR/PVR - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ (Arterial Dilators) Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin,
amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca channel blockers
Drugs to increased afterload/SVR/PVR - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ (Vasopressors) Epinepherine, norepinepherine,
dopamine, neosynephrine
Drugs to decrease contractility/SVI - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Beta blockers (atenolol, metoprolol,
propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca channel blockers
Drugs to increase contractility/SVI - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Positive inotropes, dobutamine, dopamine,
milrinone, and digoxin
, 4|Page
Drugs to decrease preload/CVP/PAWP - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Venous Dilators - Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside,
amrinone, alpha & Ca channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide, bumex, mannitol
Drugs to increase preload/CVP/PAWP - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Volume - Colloid, crystalloids, blood,
hetastarch
Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
Complications when using thrombolytics - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Allergic reaction, bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
Failure to capture - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Pacer delivers
a stimulus at the appropriate time but no depolarization
occurs. No P or QRS wave after pacer spike.
Failure to fire/pace - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ No pacer
spikes seen
Failure to sense - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Pacemaker does
not detects heart's intrinsic activity or interprets
noncardiac activity as intrinsic activity. Spikes in
inappropriate times.
