1|Page
CONS 127 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
world map 1482 by ptolemy - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
first time a coordinate system was used on a map.
first map with latitude and longitude
first grid lines
Elements of a Latitude - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ latitude,
parallel, pole, equator
latitude - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ angle that describes the
north-south positions
parallel - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ circle connecting all
locations with a given latitude
pole - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ points where the Earth's
axis of rotation meets its surface
,2|Page
equator - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ intersection of the earths
surface with the plane perpendicular to the axis of
rotation and midway between the poles. the equator is
the biggest parallel
all parallel of latitude - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ arctic
circle, Antarctic circle, tropic of cancer, tropic of
Capricorn,
arctic circle - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Southernmost
latitude in the Northern Hemisphere where the Sun can
remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24
h.
66.5 degrees north
Antarctic circle - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Northernmost
latitude in the Southern Hemisphere where the sun can
remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24
h.
66.5 degrees south
tropic of cancer - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Northernmost
circle of latitude where the Sun can be directly
overhead .
,3|Page
23.5 degrees north
tropic of capricorn - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Southernmost
circle of latitude where the Sun can be directly
overhead.
23.5 degrees south
earths axis tilt - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ The Earth spins at
a 23.44˚ tilt
When the top of the Earth is tilted towards the sun, it is
summer in the northern hemisphere. Since the southern
hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it's winter there.
Elements of Longitude - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ longitude,
meridian, prime meridian
longitude - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ angle that describes
the east west position
meridian - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ half of an imaginary
great circle, termination the north pole and the south
poles, connecting the points of equal longitude
, 4|Page
prime meridian - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ origin of the
measures of longitude (zero degrees of longitude)
shapes of the earth - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ sphere,
ellipsoid, geoid
geoid - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ physical approximation of
the figure of earth ( true shape)
Shape of the surface of calmed oceans, in the absence
of other influences such as winds and tides.
Computed using complex physical models and gravity
readings of Earth's surface.
Used to measure surface elevations with a high degree
of accuracy.
Applications for things like earthquakes - complex
What is an ellipsoid? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ A
mathematical approximation of the shape of the earth.
How is the Earth shaped due to its revolution? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ The Earth is flattened at the poles
and bulges at the equator.
CONS 127 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
world map 1482 by ptolemy - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
first time a coordinate system was used on a map.
first map with latitude and longitude
first grid lines
Elements of a Latitude - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ latitude,
parallel, pole, equator
latitude - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ angle that describes the
north-south positions
parallel - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ circle connecting all
locations with a given latitude
pole - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ points where the Earth's
axis of rotation meets its surface
,2|Page
equator - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ intersection of the earths
surface with the plane perpendicular to the axis of
rotation and midway between the poles. the equator is
the biggest parallel
all parallel of latitude - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ arctic
circle, Antarctic circle, tropic of cancer, tropic of
Capricorn,
arctic circle - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Southernmost
latitude in the Northern Hemisphere where the Sun can
remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24
h.
66.5 degrees north
Antarctic circle - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Northernmost
latitude in the Southern Hemisphere where the sun can
remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24
h.
66.5 degrees south
tropic of cancer - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Northernmost
circle of latitude where the Sun can be directly
overhead .
,3|Page
23.5 degrees north
tropic of capricorn - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Southernmost
circle of latitude where the Sun can be directly
overhead.
23.5 degrees south
earths axis tilt - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ The Earth spins at
a 23.44˚ tilt
When the top of the Earth is tilted towards the sun, it is
summer in the northern hemisphere. Since the southern
hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, it's winter there.
Elements of Longitude - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ longitude,
meridian, prime meridian
longitude - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ angle that describes
the east west position
meridian - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ half of an imaginary
great circle, termination the north pole and the south
poles, connecting the points of equal longitude
, 4|Page
prime meridian - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ origin of the
measures of longitude (zero degrees of longitude)
shapes of the earth - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ sphere,
ellipsoid, geoid
geoid - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ physical approximation of
the figure of earth ( true shape)
Shape of the surface of calmed oceans, in the absence
of other influences such as winds and tides.
Computed using complex physical models and gravity
readings of Earth's surface.
Used to measure surface elevations with a high degree
of accuracy.
Applications for things like earthquakes - complex
What is an ellipsoid? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ A
mathematical approximation of the shape of the earth.
How is the Earth shaped due to its revolution? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ The Earth is flattened at the poles
and bulges at the equator.
