age 1 of 39
NBME PATHOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Trendelenburg sign ......ANSWER........Paralysis of the gluteus
medius and minimus, resulting the pelvis opposite the paralyzed
muscles dropping with the weight of the leg.
IT band syndrome ......ANSWER........An overuse condition
occurring from repetitive strain of fascia, with pain and
inflammation due to increased friction. Common among runners
and cyclists.
Ankylosing Spondylitis ......ANSWER........Fusion of skeletal
structures due to inflammation of the spine, beginning in the SI
joint and progressing into the vertebrae
,age 2 of 39
Clubfoot ......ANSWER........Deformity of the foot, often
characterized by plantar flexion, inversion, & forefoot adduction
ACL rupture ......ANSWER........Rupture of a ligament in the knee,
allowing the tibia to be pulled forward on the fixed femur
Typical vignette for sarcoidosis ......ANSWER........nonspecific
symptoms like cough, angina, dyspnea, fatigue, fever, weight
loss, skin lesions
Histological findings for sarcoidosis ......ANSWER........non-
caseating granulomas, multinucleated epithelioid cells, giant
cells, lymphocytes.
- well-formed, epithelioid, non-necrotizing granulomas
distributed along the lymphatics near bronchi and blood vessels
(lymphangitic pattern)
,age 3 of 39
- bilateral hilar adenopathy on CXR
Sarcoidosis is one potential cause of ......ANSWER........restrictive
lung disease
What labs might be elevated in patients with sarcoidosis?
......ANSWER........- elevated serum ACE levels
- elevated ESR
- elevated C-reactive protein
- hypercalcemia
- hypercalciuria
Epstein Barr Virus route of transmission ......ANSWER........-
respiratory secretions, saliva
- "kissing diseases"
, age 4 of 39
Epstein-Barr Virus typical presentation ......ANSWER........- teen or
young adult
- fatigue, fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes
- swollen, erythematous tonsils
EPV lab findings ......ANSWER........- elevated ALT and AST
- positive monospot test - heterophile antibody test
- lymphocytosis
Where do kidney stones form? ......ANSWER........May occur
anywhere along the urinary tract: renal tubules, renal pelvis,
ureters, bladder, and/or urethra.
1. ureteropelvic junction: where renal pelvis transitions into the
ureter
NBME PATHOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Trendelenburg sign ......ANSWER........Paralysis of the gluteus
medius and minimus, resulting the pelvis opposite the paralyzed
muscles dropping with the weight of the leg.
IT band syndrome ......ANSWER........An overuse condition
occurring from repetitive strain of fascia, with pain and
inflammation due to increased friction. Common among runners
and cyclists.
Ankylosing Spondylitis ......ANSWER........Fusion of skeletal
structures due to inflammation of the spine, beginning in the SI
joint and progressing into the vertebrae
,age 2 of 39
Clubfoot ......ANSWER........Deformity of the foot, often
characterized by plantar flexion, inversion, & forefoot adduction
ACL rupture ......ANSWER........Rupture of a ligament in the knee,
allowing the tibia to be pulled forward on the fixed femur
Typical vignette for sarcoidosis ......ANSWER........nonspecific
symptoms like cough, angina, dyspnea, fatigue, fever, weight
loss, skin lesions
Histological findings for sarcoidosis ......ANSWER........non-
caseating granulomas, multinucleated epithelioid cells, giant
cells, lymphocytes.
- well-formed, epithelioid, non-necrotizing granulomas
distributed along the lymphatics near bronchi and blood vessels
(lymphangitic pattern)
,age 3 of 39
- bilateral hilar adenopathy on CXR
Sarcoidosis is one potential cause of ......ANSWER........restrictive
lung disease
What labs might be elevated in patients with sarcoidosis?
......ANSWER........- elevated serum ACE levels
- elevated ESR
- elevated C-reactive protein
- hypercalcemia
- hypercalciuria
Epstein Barr Virus route of transmission ......ANSWER........-
respiratory secretions, saliva
- "kissing diseases"
, age 4 of 39
Epstein-Barr Virus typical presentation ......ANSWER........- teen or
young adult
- fatigue, fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes
- swollen, erythematous tonsils
EPV lab findings ......ANSWER........- elevated ALT and AST
- positive monospot test - heterophile antibody test
- lymphocytosis
Where do kidney stones form? ......ANSWER........May occur
anywhere along the urinary tract: renal tubules, renal pelvis,
ureters, bladder, and/or urethra.
1. ureteropelvic junction: where renal pelvis transitions into the
ureter
