age 1 of 111
NUR 445 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS <RECENT VERSION>
What does it mean for an ABG to be uncompensated?
......ANSWER........pH will be abnormal and either CO2 or the
HCO3 will be abnormal
What is clonidine used for? ......ANSWER........lowering of BP
Nitroprusside is the preferred agent if BP needs to be lowered
quickly
What medication is used to decrease ICP?
......ANSWER........Mannitol
-osmotic diuretic
,age 2 of 111
-reduces ICP by inducing diuresis (creates an osmotic gradient
across the blood-brain barrier [BBB] and increased serum
osmolality -> pulls fluid out of brain cells and shifts it into the
intravascular compartment)
What medication would you plan on administering to a patient
who is experiencing bradycardia or heart block?
......ANSWER........Atropine
-administer over 1 minute
-therapeutic effect desired = increased HR
-rapid administration may be used during cardiac resuscitation
(follow with 20 mL saline flush)
,age 3 of 111
A patient suffering from a hypertensive crisis enters the ED.
What medication is used to treat this emergent situation?
......ANSWER........Nitroprusside
-arteriole vasodilator
-rapidly lowers BP
-decreases preload and afterload
What medication prevents the absorption of ammonia from the
GI tract in order to treat hepatic encephalopathy?
......ANSWER........Lactulose
-expect more frequent bowel movements
-should see clearing of confusion, apathy, and irritation and
improved mental status (24-48 hours after oral administration)
, age 4 of 111
Under what condition would you administer tPA?
......ANSWER........patient that is suffering from an ischemic stroke
What is mutual support? ......ANSWER........assisting others
providing feedback
advocacy behaviors when patient safety is threatened
What is the difference between formal and informal feedback?
......ANSWER........Formal should be retrospective and scheduled
in advance
Informal occurs in real time and includes huddles/debriefs
Explain the phenomenon of alarm fatigue
......ANSWER........Frequency of alarms becomes overwhelming,
resulting in delayed response to alarms and deliberate alarm
deactivation which may impact patient safety
NUR 445 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS <RECENT VERSION>
What does it mean for an ABG to be uncompensated?
......ANSWER........pH will be abnormal and either CO2 or the
HCO3 will be abnormal
What is clonidine used for? ......ANSWER........lowering of BP
Nitroprusside is the preferred agent if BP needs to be lowered
quickly
What medication is used to decrease ICP?
......ANSWER........Mannitol
-osmotic diuretic
,age 2 of 111
-reduces ICP by inducing diuresis (creates an osmotic gradient
across the blood-brain barrier [BBB] and increased serum
osmolality -> pulls fluid out of brain cells and shifts it into the
intravascular compartment)
What medication would you plan on administering to a patient
who is experiencing bradycardia or heart block?
......ANSWER........Atropine
-administer over 1 minute
-therapeutic effect desired = increased HR
-rapid administration may be used during cardiac resuscitation
(follow with 20 mL saline flush)
,age 3 of 111
A patient suffering from a hypertensive crisis enters the ED.
What medication is used to treat this emergent situation?
......ANSWER........Nitroprusside
-arteriole vasodilator
-rapidly lowers BP
-decreases preload and afterload
What medication prevents the absorption of ammonia from the
GI tract in order to treat hepatic encephalopathy?
......ANSWER........Lactulose
-expect more frequent bowel movements
-should see clearing of confusion, apathy, and irritation and
improved mental status (24-48 hours after oral administration)
, age 4 of 111
Under what condition would you administer tPA?
......ANSWER........patient that is suffering from an ischemic stroke
What is mutual support? ......ANSWER........assisting others
providing feedback
advocacy behaviors when patient safety is threatened
What is the difference between formal and informal feedback?
......ANSWER........Formal should be retrospective and scheduled
in advance
Informal occurs in real time and includes huddles/debriefs
Explain the phenomenon of alarm fatigue
......ANSWER........Frequency of alarms becomes overwhelming,
resulting in delayed response to alarms and deliberate alarm
deactivation which may impact patient safety
