Test Bank for The Science Of
Psychology: An Appreciative
View
development - ANSWERSthe pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs
throughout life, involving both growth and decline.
3 processes of development - ANSWERSphysical, cognitive, socioemotional
physical processes - ANSWERSinvolve changes in an individual's biological nature
cognitive processes - ANSWERSinvolve changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language
socioemotional processes - ANSWERSInvolve changes in an individual's social relationships,
emotional life, and personal qualities
cross-sectional study - ANSWERSa number of people of different ages are assessed at one point in
time, and differences are noted. By examining how the ages of these individuals relate to the
characteristics measured, researchers can find out whether younger individuals differ from older
ones.
longitudinal study - ANSWERSassesses the same participants multiple times over a lengthy period. A
longitudinal study can find out not only whether age groups differ but also whether the same
individuals change with respect to a particular characteristic as they age.
nature - ANSWERSthe influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth,
intellectual growth, and social interactions
nurture - ANSWERSAn individual's environmental and social experiences
life themes - ANSWERSactivities, social relationships, and life goals
,life-span developmental perspective - ANSWERSa set of theoretical propositions that development
occurs across the entire life span and is a multifaceted, multidirectional process, with behavior a
product of a dynamically changing organism as well as a dynamically changing environment. There is
plasticity in development, meaning that individuals can change and learn throughout their lives
resilience - ANSWERSthe personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover
from adversity and even trauma
Stages of Prenatal Development - ANSWERSgerminal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage
germinal stage - ANSWERSThe first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first two
weeks after conception.
embryonic stage - ANSWERSThe second stage of prenatal development, lasting from two weeks until
the end of the second month. The heart starts to beat during this stage.
fetal stage - ANSWERSThe third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through
birth.
Teratogens - ANSWERSagents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus
during prenatal development and cause harm (birth defects.)
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - ANSWERSdisorder affecting babies whose mothers consumed large
amounts of alcohol while they were pregnant
preterm infants - ANSWERSThose born before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation (the time
between fertilization and birth).
newborn reflexes - ANSWERSRooting, sucking, grasping, moro reflex (startle), Galant
preferential-looking technique - ANSWERSinvolves giving an infant a choice of what object to look at.
If an infant shows a reliable preference for one stimulus (say, a picture of a face) over another (a
scrambled picture of a face) when these are repeatedly presented in differing locations, we can infer
that the infant can tell the two images apart.
, for the first three to six years, the most neurological growth occurs in the _______ area of the brain.
- ANSWERSFrontal Lobe
cognitive development - ANSWERSthe development of thinking, problem solving, and memory
cognition - ANSWERSthe mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding
through thought, experience, and the senses.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWERSinfants and children actively try to organize
and make sense of their world
Schema Development - ANSWERSassimilation and accommodation
Assimilation - ANSWERSinterpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
accommodation - ANSWERSadapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new
information
Piaget's stages of cognitive development - ANSWERS1. sensorimotor
2. preoperational
3. concrete operational
4. formal operational
sensorimotor stage - ANSWERSin Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age)
during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor
activities
preoperational stage - ANSWERSin Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age)
during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of
concrete logic
concrete operational stage - ANSWERSin Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from
about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them
to think logically about concrete events
Psychology: An Appreciative
View
development - ANSWERSthe pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs
throughout life, involving both growth and decline.
3 processes of development - ANSWERSphysical, cognitive, socioemotional
physical processes - ANSWERSinvolve changes in an individual's biological nature
cognitive processes - ANSWERSinvolve changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language
socioemotional processes - ANSWERSInvolve changes in an individual's social relationships,
emotional life, and personal qualities
cross-sectional study - ANSWERSa number of people of different ages are assessed at one point in
time, and differences are noted. By examining how the ages of these individuals relate to the
characteristics measured, researchers can find out whether younger individuals differ from older
ones.
longitudinal study - ANSWERSassesses the same participants multiple times over a lengthy period. A
longitudinal study can find out not only whether age groups differ but also whether the same
individuals change with respect to a particular characteristic as they age.
nature - ANSWERSthe influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth,
intellectual growth, and social interactions
nurture - ANSWERSAn individual's environmental and social experiences
life themes - ANSWERSactivities, social relationships, and life goals
,life-span developmental perspective - ANSWERSa set of theoretical propositions that development
occurs across the entire life span and is a multifaceted, multidirectional process, with behavior a
product of a dynamically changing organism as well as a dynamically changing environment. There is
plasticity in development, meaning that individuals can change and learn throughout their lives
resilience - ANSWERSthe personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover
from adversity and even trauma
Stages of Prenatal Development - ANSWERSgerminal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage
germinal stage - ANSWERSThe first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first two
weeks after conception.
embryonic stage - ANSWERSThe second stage of prenatal development, lasting from two weeks until
the end of the second month. The heart starts to beat during this stage.
fetal stage - ANSWERSThe third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through
birth.
Teratogens - ANSWERSagents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus
during prenatal development and cause harm (birth defects.)
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - ANSWERSdisorder affecting babies whose mothers consumed large
amounts of alcohol while they were pregnant
preterm infants - ANSWERSThose born before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation (the time
between fertilization and birth).
newborn reflexes - ANSWERSRooting, sucking, grasping, moro reflex (startle), Galant
preferential-looking technique - ANSWERSinvolves giving an infant a choice of what object to look at.
If an infant shows a reliable preference for one stimulus (say, a picture of a face) over another (a
scrambled picture of a face) when these are repeatedly presented in differing locations, we can infer
that the infant can tell the two images apart.
, for the first three to six years, the most neurological growth occurs in the _______ area of the brain.
- ANSWERSFrontal Lobe
cognitive development - ANSWERSthe development of thinking, problem solving, and memory
cognition - ANSWERSthe mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding
through thought, experience, and the senses.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWERSinfants and children actively try to organize
and make sense of their world
Schema Development - ANSWERSassimilation and accommodation
Assimilation - ANSWERSinterpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
accommodation - ANSWERSadapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new
information
Piaget's stages of cognitive development - ANSWERS1. sensorimotor
2. preoperational
3. concrete operational
4. formal operational
sensorimotor stage - ANSWERSin Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age)
during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor
activities
preoperational stage - ANSWERSin Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age)
during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of
concrete logic
concrete operational stage - ANSWERSin Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from
about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them
to think logically about concrete events
