Test Bank for Psychology:
Frontiers And Applications
Psychological Science - ANSWERSStudy of mind, brain, and behavior
Critical Thinking - ANSWERSSystematically evaluating information to reach reasonable
conclusions
Culture - ANSWERSBeliefs, values, rules, norms, and customs within a group of people that
share a language and environment
Nature vs. Nurture - ANSWERSArguments concerning whether psychological characteristics
are biologically innate or acquired through education, experience, and culture
Mind vs Body - ANSWERSAre the mind and body separate and distinct or is the mind simply
the brain's subjective experience?
Dualism - ANSWERSDescartes said that the mind and body are separate yet intertwined
Monism - ANSWERSmind = brain
Introspection - ANSWERS(Wundt) systematic examination of subjective mental experience
that requires people to inspect and report on their thoughts
Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWERSEstablished the first psychology institute
Structuralism - ANSWERS(Titchener) Idea that conscious experience can be broken down
into its underlying components
Edward Titchener - ANSWERSA student of Wundt's that created a school called
structuralism
, Functionalism - ANSWERS(James) An approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive
purpose, or function, of mind and behavior
William James - ANSWERSWas a critic of structuralism and created functionalism
Stream of Consciousness - ANSWERSMind consists of ever-changing, continuous series of
thoughts that can not be frozen in time
Evolutionary Theory - ANSWERS(Darwin) It views the history of a species in terms of the
inherited, adaptive value of physical characteristics, of mental activity and behavior
Charles Darwin - ANSWERSPublished the idea of the evolutionary theory. Presented the
ideas of natural selection and survival of the fittest
Natural Selection - ANSWERSIn evolutionary theory, the idea that those who inherit
characteristics that help them adapt to their particular environments have a selective
advantage over those who do not
Survival of the Fittest - ANSWERSSpecies that are better adapted to their environments will
survive and reproduce, their offspring will survive and reproduce, and so on
Gestalt Theory - ANSWERS(Wertheimer/Kohler) Whole of personal experience is different
from simply the sum of its constituent elements
Max Wertheimer - ANSWERSFounded Gestalt School and opposed structuralism
Sigmund Freud - ANSWERSOne of the main influences of 20th century psychology;
developed psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis - ANSWERSA method that attempts to bring the contents of the unconscious
into conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed
Frontiers And Applications
Psychological Science - ANSWERSStudy of mind, brain, and behavior
Critical Thinking - ANSWERSSystematically evaluating information to reach reasonable
conclusions
Culture - ANSWERSBeliefs, values, rules, norms, and customs within a group of people that
share a language and environment
Nature vs. Nurture - ANSWERSArguments concerning whether psychological characteristics
are biologically innate or acquired through education, experience, and culture
Mind vs Body - ANSWERSAre the mind and body separate and distinct or is the mind simply
the brain's subjective experience?
Dualism - ANSWERSDescartes said that the mind and body are separate yet intertwined
Monism - ANSWERSmind = brain
Introspection - ANSWERS(Wundt) systematic examination of subjective mental experience
that requires people to inspect and report on their thoughts
Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWERSEstablished the first psychology institute
Structuralism - ANSWERS(Titchener) Idea that conscious experience can be broken down
into its underlying components
Edward Titchener - ANSWERSA student of Wundt's that created a school called
structuralism
, Functionalism - ANSWERS(James) An approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive
purpose, or function, of mind and behavior
William James - ANSWERSWas a critic of structuralism and created functionalism
Stream of Consciousness - ANSWERSMind consists of ever-changing, continuous series of
thoughts that can not be frozen in time
Evolutionary Theory - ANSWERS(Darwin) It views the history of a species in terms of the
inherited, adaptive value of physical characteristics, of mental activity and behavior
Charles Darwin - ANSWERSPublished the idea of the evolutionary theory. Presented the
ideas of natural selection and survival of the fittest
Natural Selection - ANSWERSIn evolutionary theory, the idea that those who inherit
characteristics that help them adapt to their particular environments have a selective
advantage over those who do not
Survival of the Fittest - ANSWERSSpecies that are better adapted to their environments will
survive and reproduce, their offspring will survive and reproduce, and so on
Gestalt Theory - ANSWERS(Wertheimer/Kohler) Whole of personal experience is different
from simply the sum of its constituent elements
Max Wertheimer - ANSWERSFounded Gestalt School and opposed structuralism
Sigmund Freud - ANSWERSOne of the main influences of 20th century psychology;
developed psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis - ANSWERSA method that attempts to bring the contents of the unconscious
into conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed
