1|Page
ECOL 1000 UGA CONNELLY EXAM 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Rachel Carson - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔a marine
biologist and conservationist whose writings are credited
with advancing the global environmental movement
Silent Spring - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔In 1962 this book
about DDT was published
The Endangered Species Act - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔Along with the passage of this, the US ban on
DDT is viewed as a primary factor in the comeback of
the bald eagle and the peregrine falcon from near-
extinction in the United States
boll weevil - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔This routinely killed
half of the cotton crop from Texas to Georgia
Natural selection - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔the
differential success (survival & reproduction) of
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individuals within the population that results from their
interaction with their environment
3 conditions of evolution by natural selection -
.....ANSWER ..... ✔✔1) Variation among individuals of
heritable characteristics; must be able to pass on trait
2) Inheritance of that variation to offspring
3) The variation results in differences among individuals
in fitness; i.e., differences in survival and reproductive
success of parent
Allee effect - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔reduction in
reproduction or survival of a species when at low-
population densities
Integrated Pest Management - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔The effective combination of three types of pest
control to manage pest populations while minimizing
environmental damage
Do not need to totally eradicate pest populations...
Combing ecological, biological, & chemical methods
Biological pest control - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔Using
natural predators and parasites to manage pests
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Food accounts for ___ our ecological footprint (less in
less developed countries) - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔~25%
How to maximize effects of pesticides and minimize
environmental impacts? - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔Use
short-lived pesticides
Use pesticides that target only certain species
Study life cycles of target pests to determine best time
and place to use chemicals (which may be never)
Forms of hydrocarbons (3): - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔crude oil (liquid)
natural gas (gas)
coal (solid)
The formation of oil is caused by: - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔photosynthesis in the oceans, dead marine
organic matter sinking, and anaerobic conditions
(anoxic) (aka lack of oxygen)
The process of forming oil.... - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔1)
sediments bury organic matter
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2) non-porous layers of rock or salt form "trap"
3) pressure & heat (millions of years)
Where is 2/3 of the 1 trillion barrels of global proven
reserves? - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔Middle East
The US houses ___% of the 1 trillion barrels of oil. -
.....ANSWER ..... ✔✔4%
varying costs of extraction of oil? - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔$10 / barrel (Middle East)
~ $36 / barrel (continental U.S.)
Deepwater Gulf of Mexico oil had considerably lower
economic costs
What was the dominant form of energy until 1800's? -
.....ANSWER ..... ✔✔Coal
Where was the first commercial well located in 1859? -
.....ANSWER ..... ✔✔Titusville, PA
When did crude oil become dominant? - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔1951
ECOL 1000 UGA CONNELLY EXAM 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Rachel Carson - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔a marine
biologist and conservationist whose writings are credited
with advancing the global environmental movement
Silent Spring - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔In 1962 this book
about DDT was published
The Endangered Species Act - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔Along with the passage of this, the US ban on
DDT is viewed as a primary factor in the comeback of
the bald eagle and the peregrine falcon from near-
extinction in the United States
boll weevil - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔This routinely killed
half of the cotton crop from Texas to Georgia
Natural selection - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔the
differential success (survival & reproduction) of
,2|Page
individuals within the population that results from their
interaction with their environment
3 conditions of evolution by natural selection -
.....ANSWER ..... ✔✔1) Variation among individuals of
heritable characteristics; must be able to pass on trait
2) Inheritance of that variation to offspring
3) The variation results in differences among individuals
in fitness; i.e., differences in survival and reproductive
success of parent
Allee effect - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔reduction in
reproduction or survival of a species when at low-
population densities
Integrated Pest Management - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔The effective combination of three types of pest
control to manage pest populations while minimizing
environmental damage
Do not need to totally eradicate pest populations...
Combing ecological, biological, & chemical methods
Biological pest control - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔Using
natural predators and parasites to manage pests
,3|Page
Food accounts for ___ our ecological footprint (less in
less developed countries) - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔~25%
How to maximize effects of pesticides and minimize
environmental impacts? - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔Use
short-lived pesticides
Use pesticides that target only certain species
Study life cycles of target pests to determine best time
and place to use chemicals (which may be never)
Forms of hydrocarbons (3): - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔crude oil (liquid)
natural gas (gas)
coal (solid)
The formation of oil is caused by: - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔photosynthesis in the oceans, dead marine
organic matter sinking, and anaerobic conditions
(anoxic) (aka lack of oxygen)
The process of forming oil.... - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔1)
sediments bury organic matter
, 4|Page
2) non-porous layers of rock or salt form "trap"
3) pressure & heat (millions of years)
Where is 2/3 of the 1 trillion barrels of global proven
reserves? - .....ANSWER ..... ✔✔Middle East
The US houses ___% of the 1 trillion barrels of oil. -
.....ANSWER ..... ✔✔4%
varying costs of extraction of oil? - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔$10 / barrel (Middle East)
~ $36 / barrel (continental U.S.)
Deepwater Gulf of Mexico oil had considerably lower
economic costs
What was the dominant form of energy until 1800's? -
.....ANSWER ..... ✔✔Coal
Where was the first commercial well located in 1859? -
.....ANSWER ..... ✔✔Titusville, PA
When did crude oil become dominant? - .....ANSWER .....
✔✔1951
