1|Page
KNES 213 MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
What are the seven different parts of a research
paper? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ • Title (+ Author List)
• Abstract (150-200)
• Introduction (+ Justification - History - Purpose -
Hypothesis)
• Methodology (and materials)
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions
What are the 3 things the title usually includes? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ • Independent Variable
• Dependent Variable
• Population of Interest
(Ex. "The effect of concurrent loading (IV) on bone
density (DV) in older adults (POI)").
,2|Page
How is the author list structured? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
First author (contributed the most) —> Second author —
> Last author (principle investigator, lab owner/director,
contributed the second most to the paper; supervised
work and checked it)
What is the introduction for? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
Introduce topic by explain what is being discussed and
why it's a concern. Establish a foundational framework
and vast majority of your literature search will go here.
For qualitative papers, they will often state their
theoretical framework and worldview where? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ Introduction
Where are citations used the most in a research paper?
- .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Introduction
In science, we do not use appeal to authority, we build
on WHAT of others? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
Foundational research work
,3|Page
The introduction should answer which questions? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ - What are we looking
at/investigating? Why?
- What we currently know?
- How we know it?
- What are the limitations to that knowledge?
- What is the knowledge gap?
- How will our research address this knowledge gap?
- Final thoughts (state your hypothesis)
What is the purpose of the methodology section in a
research paper? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ To address
study design and define what type of questions the
study can address or attempt to answer. HEART OF THE
STUDY. How you define variables in context
(operational definitions for independent and dependent
variables)
Every research design type is faced with a... -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ Trade off, there is no perfect
study design
, 4|Page
What type of study design is said to be "the best" and
why? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ RCT's (randomized control
trials) because they target cause and effect questions
What is the results section for? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
For describing what you recorded in your study
What does the results section have and not have? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ HAS: subjects, size, height, how
many, how many dropped out, tables and figures
DOESN'T HAVE: interpretation of data, except for
processed data
Data in the result section is presented in the way that
was outlined in the WHAT section? - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Methodology
What does the discussion section have? - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ What happened in your study?
What type of questions are asked in the discussion
section? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ • Did you see a change
in the DV, why, which direction did it go.
KNES 213 MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
What are the seven different parts of a research
paper? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ • Title (+ Author List)
• Abstract (150-200)
• Introduction (+ Justification - History - Purpose -
Hypothesis)
• Methodology (and materials)
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions
What are the 3 things the title usually includes? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ • Independent Variable
• Dependent Variable
• Population of Interest
(Ex. "The effect of concurrent loading (IV) on bone
density (DV) in older adults (POI)").
,2|Page
How is the author list structured? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
First author (contributed the most) —> Second author —
> Last author (principle investigator, lab owner/director,
contributed the second most to the paper; supervised
work and checked it)
What is the introduction for? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
Introduce topic by explain what is being discussed and
why it's a concern. Establish a foundational framework
and vast majority of your literature search will go here.
For qualitative papers, they will often state their
theoretical framework and worldview where? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ Introduction
Where are citations used the most in a research paper?
- .....ANSWER ...✔✔ Introduction
In science, we do not use appeal to authority, we build
on WHAT of others? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
Foundational research work
,3|Page
The introduction should answer which questions? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ - What are we looking
at/investigating? Why?
- What we currently know?
- How we know it?
- What are the limitations to that knowledge?
- What is the knowledge gap?
- How will our research address this knowledge gap?
- Final thoughts (state your hypothesis)
What is the purpose of the methodology section in a
research paper? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ To address
study design and define what type of questions the
study can address or attempt to answer. HEART OF THE
STUDY. How you define variables in context
(operational definitions for independent and dependent
variables)
Every research design type is faced with a... -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ Trade off, there is no perfect
study design
, 4|Page
What type of study design is said to be "the best" and
why? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ RCT's (randomized control
trials) because they target cause and effect questions
What is the results section for? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
For describing what you recorded in your study
What does the results section have and not have? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ HAS: subjects, size, height, how
many, how many dropped out, tables and figures
DOESN'T HAVE: interpretation of data, except for
processed data
Data in the result section is presented in the way that
was outlined in the WHAT section? - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Methodology
What does the discussion section have? - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ What happened in your study?
What type of questions are asked in the discussion
section? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ • Did you see a change
in the DV, why, which direction did it go.
