1|Page
LSU BIOL 1201 LICATA EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025
Cell theory - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-All organisms are
made of cells
-The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be
alive
-Cells are near the middle of the biological size range
scanning electron microscope - ...ANSWER... ✔
✔Focus electrons onto the surface of a specimen,
providing images that look 3-D
Transmission Electron Microscopes - ...ANSWER... ✔
✔focus a beam of electrons through a specimen
cell fractionation - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔Takes cells
apart and separates the major organelles from one
another centrifuges fractionate cells into their component
parts
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Basic Features of all prokaryotes and Eukaryotes -
...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Plasma Membrane
-Semifluid substance called cytosol
-Chromosomes (carry genes)
-Ribosomes (make proteins)
Prokaryotic cells - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-No nucleus
-DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
-No membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-DNA in nucleus
with a membrane
-Membrane-bound organelles
-Internal Membranes = the endomembrane system
-Generally much larger than prokaryotic cells
-Plant and Animal cells have most of the same
organelles
Nucleus - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Contains most of the
cell's genes
-nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus
-Nuclear membrane is a lipid bilayer
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-Nuclear pores regulate the entry and exit of molecules
-the shape of the nucleus is maintained by the nuclear
lamina, which is composed of protein
Chromatin - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-DNA associated with
proteins in the nucleus
-It condenses to chromosomes as a cell prepares to
divide
-Each chromosome is a single DNA molecule associated
with proteins
Nucleolus - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔Located within the
nucleus and is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis
Ribosomes - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Particles made of
ribosomal RNA and protein
-Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-More
than half of the total membrane in the cell
-The ER membrane is continuous with the nuclear
envelope
-Two distinct regions of ER consisting of smooth ER (w/o
ribosomes) and rough ER (w/ ribosomes)
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Smooth ER - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Synthesizes lipids
-Metabolizes carbohydrates
-Detoxifies drugs and poisons
-Stores Calcium ions
Rough ER - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Has ribosomes, which
secrete glycoproteins (proteins covalently bonded to
carbohydrates)
-Distributes transport vesicles
-Is a membrane factory for the cell
Golgi apparatus - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Flattened
membrane sacs called cisternae
-Modifies products of the ER
-Manufactures certain macromolecules
-Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles
Lysosomes - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-A membranous sac of
enzymes that can digest macromolecules
-Lysomal enzymes work best in the acidic environment
inside the lysosome
LSU BIOL 1201 LICATA EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025
Cell theory - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-All organisms are
made of cells
-The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be
alive
-Cells are near the middle of the biological size range
scanning electron microscope - ...ANSWER... ✔
✔Focus electrons onto the surface of a specimen,
providing images that look 3-D
Transmission Electron Microscopes - ...ANSWER... ✔
✔focus a beam of electrons through a specimen
cell fractionation - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔Takes cells
apart and separates the major organelles from one
another centrifuges fractionate cells into their component
parts
,2|Page
Basic Features of all prokaryotes and Eukaryotes -
...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Plasma Membrane
-Semifluid substance called cytosol
-Chromosomes (carry genes)
-Ribosomes (make proteins)
Prokaryotic cells - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-No nucleus
-DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid
-No membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-DNA in nucleus
with a membrane
-Membrane-bound organelles
-Internal Membranes = the endomembrane system
-Generally much larger than prokaryotic cells
-Plant and Animal cells have most of the same
organelles
Nucleus - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Contains most of the
cell's genes
-nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus
-Nuclear membrane is a lipid bilayer
,3|Page
-Nuclear pores regulate the entry and exit of molecules
-the shape of the nucleus is maintained by the nuclear
lamina, which is composed of protein
Chromatin - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-DNA associated with
proteins in the nucleus
-It condenses to chromosomes as a cell prepares to
divide
-Each chromosome is a single DNA molecule associated
with proteins
Nucleolus - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔Located within the
nucleus and is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis
Ribosomes - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Particles made of
ribosomal RNA and protein
-Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-More
than half of the total membrane in the cell
-The ER membrane is continuous with the nuclear
envelope
-Two distinct regions of ER consisting of smooth ER (w/o
ribosomes) and rough ER (w/ ribosomes)
, 4|Page
Smooth ER - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Synthesizes lipids
-Metabolizes carbohydrates
-Detoxifies drugs and poisons
-Stores Calcium ions
Rough ER - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Has ribosomes, which
secrete glycoproteins (proteins covalently bonded to
carbohydrates)
-Distributes transport vesicles
-Is a membrane factory for the cell
Golgi apparatus - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-Flattened
membrane sacs called cisternae
-Modifies products of the ER
-Manufactures certain macromolecules
-Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles
Lysosomes - ...ANSWER... ✔ ✔-A membranous sac of
enzymes that can digest macromolecules
-Lysomal enzymes work best in the acidic environment
inside the lysosome
