NUR2214 MODULE 6 EAQS IMMUNOLOGY, INFECTIOUS
DISEASE, AND PUBLIC HEALTH Q&A WITH RATIONALES
STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
1. A client on chemotherapy asks why they were prescribed an antibiotic. Which
tissue affected by chemotherapy explains this need?
Answer: Bone marrow.
Rationale: Chemotherapy suppresses bone marrow function, lowering white blood
cell counts and increasing infection risk, making antibiotics necessary.
2. Which statement by the nurse is most important when teaching how to reduce
antibiotic resistance?
Answer: “Do not skip any dose of your antibiotics.”
Rationale: Incomplete or inconsistent dosing promotes the survival of resistant
bacteria.
3. A child receives the RotaTeq vaccine. Which adverse effect should the nurse
monitor for?
Answer: Intussusception.
Rationale: Although rare, rotavirus vaccines have been associated with
intussusception, requiring prompt recognition.
4. During smallpox vaccination screening, which client needs to be removed for
additional medical evaluation?
Answer: A 45-year-old woman undergoing treatment for breast cancer.
Rationale: Immunocompromised individuals should not receive live-virus vaccines
due to increased risk of severe reactions.
,5. A student nurse states, “I will ask the client with HIV to avoid community
activities.” Why must the RN follow up?
Answer: The statement reflects incorrect teaching.
Rationale: Clients with HIV are encouraged to maintain social support and normal
activities unless severely immunosuppressed.
6. A 1-year-old develops runny nose and cough after an intranasal vaccine. Which
vaccine is most likely the cause?
Answer: Live attenuated influenza vaccine.
Rationale: It is administered intranasally and can cause mild flu-like symptoms.
7. Which drugs block the HIV integrase enzyme, preventing viral DNA from
entering host DNA? (Select all that apply.)
Answer:
Raltegravir
Elvitegravir
Rationale: These medications are integrase inhibitors, a class of antiretrovirals that
prevent viral replication.
, 8. A client has a localized infection of mucous membranes. Which organism is
most likely responsible?
Answer: Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Rationale: This bacterium typically causes diphtheria, which affects the mucous
membranes of the throat and nose.
9. A client presents with shortness of breath, bloody sputum, weight gain, edema,
hypertension, and renal impairment. Which diagnosis is likely?
Answer: Goodpasture syndrome.
Rationale: This autoimmune disease causes pulmonary hemorrhage and rapidly
progressive glomerulonephritis.
10. A child with measles is identified in a migrant camp. When the nurse searches
for those at higher risk of infection, what variable is being assessed?
Answer: Risk factor.
Rationale: A risk factor increases the likelihood of contracting a disease.
11. An Rh-positive newborn of an Rh-negative mother requires an exchange
transfusion. Why is Rh-negative blood used?
Answer: Maternal anti-Rh antibodies will not destroy Rh-negative red blood cells.
DISEASE, AND PUBLIC HEALTH Q&A WITH RATIONALES
STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
1. A client on chemotherapy asks why they were prescribed an antibiotic. Which
tissue affected by chemotherapy explains this need?
Answer: Bone marrow.
Rationale: Chemotherapy suppresses bone marrow function, lowering white blood
cell counts and increasing infection risk, making antibiotics necessary.
2. Which statement by the nurse is most important when teaching how to reduce
antibiotic resistance?
Answer: “Do not skip any dose of your antibiotics.”
Rationale: Incomplete or inconsistent dosing promotes the survival of resistant
bacteria.
3. A child receives the RotaTeq vaccine. Which adverse effect should the nurse
monitor for?
Answer: Intussusception.
Rationale: Although rare, rotavirus vaccines have been associated with
intussusception, requiring prompt recognition.
4. During smallpox vaccination screening, which client needs to be removed for
additional medical evaluation?
Answer: A 45-year-old woman undergoing treatment for breast cancer.
Rationale: Immunocompromised individuals should not receive live-virus vaccines
due to increased risk of severe reactions.
,5. A student nurse states, “I will ask the client with HIV to avoid community
activities.” Why must the RN follow up?
Answer: The statement reflects incorrect teaching.
Rationale: Clients with HIV are encouraged to maintain social support and normal
activities unless severely immunosuppressed.
6. A 1-year-old develops runny nose and cough after an intranasal vaccine. Which
vaccine is most likely the cause?
Answer: Live attenuated influenza vaccine.
Rationale: It is administered intranasally and can cause mild flu-like symptoms.
7. Which drugs block the HIV integrase enzyme, preventing viral DNA from
entering host DNA? (Select all that apply.)
Answer:
Raltegravir
Elvitegravir
Rationale: These medications are integrase inhibitors, a class of antiretrovirals that
prevent viral replication.
, 8. A client has a localized infection of mucous membranes. Which organism is
most likely responsible?
Answer: Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Rationale: This bacterium typically causes diphtheria, which affects the mucous
membranes of the throat and nose.
9. A client presents with shortness of breath, bloody sputum, weight gain, edema,
hypertension, and renal impairment. Which diagnosis is likely?
Answer: Goodpasture syndrome.
Rationale: This autoimmune disease causes pulmonary hemorrhage and rapidly
progressive glomerulonephritis.
10. A child with measles is identified in a migrant camp. When the nurse searches
for those at higher risk of infection, what variable is being assessed?
Answer: Risk factor.
Rationale: A risk factor increases the likelihood of contracting a disease.
11. An Rh-positive newborn of an Rh-negative mother requires an exchange
transfusion. Why is Rh-negative blood used?
Answer: Maternal anti-Rh antibodies will not destroy Rh-negative red blood cells.
