NURS 661 EXAM 1 KEY POINTS
Introjection (immature)
Internalizing the qualities of the opposite (e.G., identity with the aggressor through which the
man or woman will become competitive to advantage control)
to uncritically accept the norms and ideals of others without distinguishing among what
belongs to oneself and what does no longer. Ex: "be a great girl," "do not be irritated," and
"boys do not cry"
Socratic Dialogue
Hallmark of CBT.
Non-directive.
* A method defined as "mutual discovery in which the therapist guides the patient through a
sequence of questions and solutions to elicit automatic thoughts and assumptions, and have
a look at the good judgment and proof that pertains to them"
* non- directive : the therapists' interpretations are idea to steer the affected person to
perception integration and indential trade
Diathesis-Stress Model
Serves to discover how biological or genetic trends diathesis interacts with environmental
affects, and stressors to provide disorders consisting of depression, anxiety, or
schizophrenia- adjustments their DNA thru procedure of methylation
the diathesis-pressure version acknowledges that genetics for nature and the environment
or strain and nature both contribute to the development of psychiatric problems.
A character may additionally have a genetic vulnerability, and in the event that they
experience good sized pressure of their childhood, along with youth trauma, overlook, loss,
or viruses, they will be caused and may broaden psychiatric problems if they have a genetic
vulnerability. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
Regulates cortisol, a amazing hormone that inhibits boom, immune responses, and
inflammatory responses.
In excessive and prolonged stress, this feedback to the pituitary gland is impaired and the
hypothalamus does now not decrease its interest, consequently continuing to pump too
much cortisol
plays a function with AcTH: comes from anterior pituitary that is above the mind stem.
HPA also plays a function in combat or flight.
Cortisol
This powerful pressure hormone mobilizes energy shops, stimulates the release of glucose,
potentiates the discharge of adrenaline, will increase cardiovascular tone, and inhibits
increase, immune, and inflammatory responses
How PTSD impacts cortisol production
For people with PTSD, it's miles hypothesized that the mind may also become
hypersensitive to the outcomes of cortisol. The person has a consequent loss of stimulus
discrimination, and even minor triggers may reason the individual to overact.
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
· Body picture distortion
· Dissatisfaction
· Perfectionism
, · History of hysteria
The Developmental Stages of Erikson Infancy (beginning to 18 months)
Trust vs. Mistrust
Pathological Outcome: Psychosis, addictions, despair
Erikson's Stages of Development
Early early life (18 months to 3 years)
Autonomy vs. Self-doubt
Pathological Outcome: Paranoia, obsessions, compulsions, impulsivity
Erikson's Stages of Development
Late formative years (three to 6 years)
Guilt vs. Initiative Psychosomatic, phobia, and conversion issues are examples of
pathological effects. Erikson's Stages of Development
School age (6 to twelve years)
Industry vs. Inferiority
Pathological Outcome: Inertia, creative inhibition
Erikson's Stages of Development
Adolescent (12 to twenty years)
Identity vs. Role confusion
Pathological Outcome: Delinquency, gender-related identity issues, borderline psychotic
episodes
Erikson's Stages of Development
Young person (20 to 30 years)
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Pathological Outcome: Schizoid personality
Erikson's Stages of Development
Adulthood (30 to 60 years)
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Pathological Outcome: Midlife disaster, premature invalidism
Erikson's Stages of Development
Old age (65 12 months to dying)
Ego integrity vs. Despair
Pathological Outcome: Extreme alienation, depression
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Oral (start to 18 months)
Task: to establish consider; comfortable expression and gratification of oral desires
Problematic Traits: Excessive dependency; envy and jealousy; narcissism; pessimism;
immoderate optimism
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Anal (18 months to a few years)
Task: gaining knowledge of independence and control
Problematic Traits: Orderliness; obstinacy; frugality; heightened ambivalence; messiness;
defiance; rage; obsessive compulsive; sadomasochism
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Phallic/Oedipal (three to 6 years)
Task: identification with identical intercourse parent; development of sexual identification
Problematic Traits: sexual identification troubles; castration in males; penis envy in ladies;
excessive guilt
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Introjection (immature)
Internalizing the qualities of the opposite (e.G., identity with the aggressor through which the
man or woman will become competitive to advantage control)
to uncritically accept the norms and ideals of others without distinguishing among what
belongs to oneself and what does no longer. Ex: "be a great girl," "do not be irritated," and
"boys do not cry"
Socratic Dialogue
Hallmark of CBT.
Non-directive.
* A method defined as "mutual discovery in which the therapist guides the patient through a
sequence of questions and solutions to elicit automatic thoughts and assumptions, and have
a look at the good judgment and proof that pertains to them"
* non- directive : the therapists' interpretations are idea to steer the affected person to
perception integration and indential trade
Diathesis-Stress Model
Serves to discover how biological or genetic trends diathesis interacts with environmental
affects, and stressors to provide disorders consisting of depression, anxiety, or
schizophrenia- adjustments their DNA thru procedure of methylation
the diathesis-pressure version acknowledges that genetics for nature and the environment
or strain and nature both contribute to the development of psychiatric problems.
A character may additionally have a genetic vulnerability, and in the event that they
experience good sized pressure of their childhood, along with youth trauma, overlook, loss,
or viruses, they will be caused and may broaden psychiatric problems if they have a genetic
vulnerability. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
Regulates cortisol, a amazing hormone that inhibits boom, immune responses, and
inflammatory responses.
In excessive and prolonged stress, this feedback to the pituitary gland is impaired and the
hypothalamus does now not decrease its interest, consequently continuing to pump too
much cortisol
plays a function with AcTH: comes from anterior pituitary that is above the mind stem.
HPA also plays a function in combat or flight.
Cortisol
This powerful pressure hormone mobilizes energy shops, stimulates the release of glucose,
potentiates the discharge of adrenaline, will increase cardiovascular tone, and inhibits
increase, immune, and inflammatory responses
How PTSD impacts cortisol production
For people with PTSD, it's miles hypothesized that the mind may also become
hypersensitive to the outcomes of cortisol. The person has a consequent loss of stimulus
discrimination, and even minor triggers may reason the individual to overact.
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
· Body picture distortion
· Dissatisfaction
· Perfectionism
, · History of hysteria
The Developmental Stages of Erikson Infancy (beginning to 18 months)
Trust vs. Mistrust
Pathological Outcome: Psychosis, addictions, despair
Erikson's Stages of Development
Early early life (18 months to 3 years)
Autonomy vs. Self-doubt
Pathological Outcome: Paranoia, obsessions, compulsions, impulsivity
Erikson's Stages of Development
Late formative years (three to 6 years)
Guilt vs. Initiative Psychosomatic, phobia, and conversion issues are examples of
pathological effects. Erikson's Stages of Development
School age (6 to twelve years)
Industry vs. Inferiority
Pathological Outcome: Inertia, creative inhibition
Erikson's Stages of Development
Adolescent (12 to twenty years)
Identity vs. Role confusion
Pathological Outcome: Delinquency, gender-related identity issues, borderline psychotic
episodes
Erikson's Stages of Development
Young person (20 to 30 years)
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Pathological Outcome: Schizoid personality
Erikson's Stages of Development
Adulthood (30 to 60 years)
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Pathological Outcome: Midlife disaster, premature invalidism
Erikson's Stages of Development
Old age (65 12 months to dying)
Ego integrity vs. Despair
Pathological Outcome: Extreme alienation, depression
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Oral (start to 18 months)
Task: to establish consider; comfortable expression and gratification of oral desires
Problematic Traits: Excessive dependency; envy and jealousy; narcissism; pessimism;
immoderate optimism
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Anal (18 months to a few years)
Task: gaining knowledge of independence and control
Problematic Traits: Orderliness; obstinacy; frugality; heightened ambivalence; messiness;
defiance; rage; obsessive compulsive; sadomasochism
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Phallic/Oedipal (three to 6 years)
Task: identification with identical intercourse parent; development of sexual identification
Problematic Traits: sexual identification troubles; castration in males; penis envy in ladies;
excessive guilt
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
