APEA 3P High Stakes Exam Study
Guide Qs & Ans to Pass the Exam
(), 100% Verified
Most common type of skin cancer in USA – ANSWER
Skin cancer
Most common type of skin cancer – ANSWER
basal cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma symptoms – ANSWER
Appearance varies; smooth, shiny bump, pink to pearly white
Basal cell carcinoma common locations – ANSWER
cheeks, nose, face, neck, arms, back
basal cell carcinoma diagnosis gold standard – ANSWER
biopsy. if not an option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis – ANSWER
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
numerous dry, round and pink to red lesions w/ rough and scaly texture
--> does not heal, slow growing in sun exposed areas
Actinic keratosis diagnosis gold standard – ANSWER
Biopsy.
if not an option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis treatment gold standard – ANSWER
small- cryotherapy
large- number 5-FU (5-flouracil aka efudex). 5-FU medication Causes skin to ooze,
crust, scab and be red
**5-flouracil/ efudex-wear sunscreen!!**
squamous cell cancer – ANSWER
chronic red scaly rough textured lesion w/ irregular borders
crusting or bleeding may be present
Squamous cell carcinoma common locations – ANSWER
rims of ears, lips, nose, face and top of hands
,precursor lesion to squamous cell cancer – ANSWER
actinic keratosis
squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis by? – ANSWER
biopsy gold standard. if biopsy is not an option, refer to dermatology .
Risk factors for skin cancer(melanoma and both non-melanoma) – ANSWER
Blistering sunburn as a child, history of sunburns, light skin, chronic exposure to UV
light (sunlight/tanning beds), moles, family hx for skin cancer
Melanoma symptoms (ABCDE) – ANSWER
asymmetry (shape/uneven texture)
border (irregular/notched/blurred)
color (variegated colors from black, blue, dark to light brown)
diameter (size >6mm size of pencil eraser or larger)
evolving (changes in color/size/shape)
may be itchy
Acral lengtiginous melanoma – ANSWER
Most common type of melanoma in dark skinned individuals (blacks & asians)
--> look for longitudinal brown to black bands under the nailbed. a changing spot or
mole in the palms, or the soles of the feet
seborrheic keratosis – ANSWER
soft, round, wart-like growth that is light tan to black and looks pasted on
asymptomatic &benign
Bacterial Meningitis Bacteria – ANSWER
Streptococcus pneumoniae- most common strain
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
*others
Bacterial meningitis symptoms (Classic Triad) – ANSWER
High fever
Nuchal rigidity
rapid change in mental status w/ headache
Triad=neck up
erythematous spot-like rash (petechiae) ecchymosis to purple-colored lesions (purpura)
which are non-blanchable
Is bacterial meningitis a reportable disease – ANSWER
yes!
Treatment for Bacterial meningitis-patient – ANSWER
, IV Abx ASAP, resp/droplet iso for first 24-48 hrs, hydrate (low maintenance after initial
fluid correction), Maintain ventilation and reduce increased intra cranial pressure if
present (dexamethosone(to reduce inflammation, mannitol to diurese the brain), low
stim environment, tx complications that may arrive and support family
Treatment for bacterial meningitis-close encounter – ANSWER
Close contacts should be treated w/ rifampin 600 mg q 12 hours x 2 days
**Rifampin changes urine color to reddish orange and can stain contacts
**AVOID RIFAMPIN IN PREGNANCY
Brudzinkski sign (meningeal irritation) – ANSWER
Tests for meningeal irritation
Patient supine, raise BACK of head and flex chin towards chest
+ result if pt automatically beds both hips
--Brudzinski and back of head start with B as well as bends--
Kernig's sign – ANSWER
Tests for meningeal irritation
patient supine. flex patients hips and knees in a right angle, then slowly
straighten/extend the legs up
+ result if when the patient complains of pain during extension of leg
MCV4 (meningococcal vaccine) Age 11-19 – ANSWER
Give one dose of menactra or menveo
primary dose given age 12 or younger give a booster at age 16-18
MCV4 (meningococcal vaccine) Age 19-21 – ANSWER
Give one dose of menactra or menveo if never had either
Rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF) symptoms – ANSWER
Fever
chills
N/V
myalgia
arthralgia
2-5 days later develop petechial rash on forearms, ankles, and wrists that spreads
towards trunk and becomes generalised. sometimes rash develops on palms and soles
**RASH DEVELOPS INWARDS**
RMSF pneumonic (RMSF) – ANSWER
R-Rash
M-Muscle aches (myalgia)
S-Stomach aches (nausea and vomiting)
F-Fever (>102 F)
Guide Qs & Ans to Pass the Exam
(), 100% Verified
Most common type of skin cancer in USA – ANSWER
Skin cancer
Most common type of skin cancer – ANSWER
basal cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma symptoms – ANSWER
Appearance varies; smooth, shiny bump, pink to pearly white
Basal cell carcinoma common locations – ANSWER
cheeks, nose, face, neck, arms, back
basal cell carcinoma diagnosis gold standard – ANSWER
biopsy. if not an option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis – ANSWER
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
numerous dry, round and pink to red lesions w/ rough and scaly texture
--> does not heal, slow growing in sun exposed areas
Actinic keratosis diagnosis gold standard – ANSWER
Biopsy.
if not an option, refer to derm
Actinic keratosis treatment gold standard – ANSWER
small- cryotherapy
large- number 5-FU (5-flouracil aka efudex). 5-FU medication Causes skin to ooze,
crust, scab and be red
**5-flouracil/ efudex-wear sunscreen!!**
squamous cell cancer – ANSWER
chronic red scaly rough textured lesion w/ irregular borders
crusting or bleeding may be present
Squamous cell carcinoma common locations – ANSWER
rims of ears, lips, nose, face and top of hands
,precursor lesion to squamous cell cancer – ANSWER
actinic keratosis
squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis by? – ANSWER
biopsy gold standard. if biopsy is not an option, refer to dermatology .
Risk factors for skin cancer(melanoma and both non-melanoma) – ANSWER
Blistering sunburn as a child, history of sunburns, light skin, chronic exposure to UV
light (sunlight/tanning beds), moles, family hx for skin cancer
Melanoma symptoms (ABCDE) – ANSWER
asymmetry (shape/uneven texture)
border (irregular/notched/blurred)
color (variegated colors from black, blue, dark to light brown)
diameter (size >6mm size of pencil eraser or larger)
evolving (changes in color/size/shape)
may be itchy
Acral lengtiginous melanoma – ANSWER
Most common type of melanoma in dark skinned individuals (blacks & asians)
--> look for longitudinal brown to black bands under the nailbed. a changing spot or
mole in the palms, or the soles of the feet
seborrheic keratosis – ANSWER
soft, round, wart-like growth that is light tan to black and looks pasted on
asymptomatic &benign
Bacterial Meningitis Bacteria – ANSWER
Streptococcus pneumoniae- most common strain
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
*others
Bacterial meningitis symptoms (Classic Triad) – ANSWER
High fever
Nuchal rigidity
rapid change in mental status w/ headache
Triad=neck up
erythematous spot-like rash (petechiae) ecchymosis to purple-colored lesions (purpura)
which are non-blanchable
Is bacterial meningitis a reportable disease – ANSWER
yes!
Treatment for Bacterial meningitis-patient – ANSWER
, IV Abx ASAP, resp/droplet iso for first 24-48 hrs, hydrate (low maintenance after initial
fluid correction), Maintain ventilation and reduce increased intra cranial pressure if
present (dexamethosone(to reduce inflammation, mannitol to diurese the brain), low
stim environment, tx complications that may arrive and support family
Treatment for bacterial meningitis-close encounter – ANSWER
Close contacts should be treated w/ rifampin 600 mg q 12 hours x 2 days
**Rifampin changes urine color to reddish orange and can stain contacts
**AVOID RIFAMPIN IN PREGNANCY
Brudzinkski sign (meningeal irritation) – ANSWER
Tests for meningeal irritation
Patient supine, raise BACK of head and flex chin towards chest
+ result if pt automatically beds both hips
--Brudzinski and back of head start with B as well as bends--
Kernig's sign – ANSWER
Tests for meningeal irritation
patient supine. flex patients hips and knees in a right angle, then slowly
straighten/extend the legs up
+ result if when the patient complains of pain during extension of leg
MCV4 (meningococcal vaccine) Age 11-19 – ANSWER
Give one dose of menactra or menveo
primary dose given age 12 or younger give a booster at age 16-18
MCV4 (meningococcal vaccine) Age 19-21 – ANSWER
Give one dose of menactra or menveo if never had either
Rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF) symptoms – ANSWER
Fever
chills
N/V
myalgia
arthralgia
2-5 days later develop petechial rash on forearms, ankles, and wrists that spreads
towards trunk and becomes generalised. sometimes rash develops on palms and soles
**RASH DEVELOPS INWARDS**
RMSF pneumonic (RMSF) – ANSWER
R-Rash
M-Muscle aches (myalgia)
S-Stomach aches (nausea and vomiting)
F-Fever (>102 F)
