N125 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Already Passed
What are the components of a physical exam? Which are used for the skin? - Answers
Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, and Percussion. Inspection and palpation are used for skin.
What is the OLDCART pneumonic? What is it used for? - Answers Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Aggravating factors
Relief factors
Treatment
Used for signs and symptoms assessment
What is the PQRSTU pneumonic? What is it used for? - Answers Provokes/Palliates
Quality
Region/Radiation
Severity
Timing
How it affects U
Used for pain assessment (but also works for many signs/symptoms)
Subjective data for integument (12 things) - Answers 1) Previous history of skin disease
(allergies, hives, psoriasis, eczema)
2) Change in mole/sore that didn't heal
3) Change in pigmentation (size, color, location)
4) Excessive dryness or moisture (xerosis, seborrhea)
5) Pruritus
6) Excessive bruising
7) Rashes or lesions
,8) Medications (for allergies)
9) Hair loss (alopecia/hirsutism)
10) Change in nails
11) Environmental or occupational hazards (hot tub, laundry detergent)
12) Self-care behaviors
Objective data for integument (12 things) - Answers 1) Color
2) Temperature
3) Moisture
4) Texture
5) Thickness
6) Edema
7) Mobility/Turgor
8) Vascularity/Bruising
9) Lesions
10) Hair
11) Nails
12) Promoting health and self-care/teaching skin self-examination
Skin pigmentation: What is normal and abnormal - Answers Normal: ephelides (freckles), nevus
(mole), birthmarks, senile lentigines (small, flat, brown, after sun exposure) in older people,
acrochordons (skin tags), cherry (senile) angiomas
Abnormal: ABCDE pneumonic (assymetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter > 6 mm,
elevation or evolution), change in size, new pigmented lesion, development of itching, burning or
bleeding
Where are the best places to assess color changes in dark skinned people? - Answers In dark
skinned people, more reliable assessment sites are under the tongue, buccal mucosa, palpebral
conjunctiva, sclera
When is hypothermia normal and abnormal? What about hyperthermia? - Answers Hypothermia:
Normal: if induced (for surgery or fever), on an immobilized extremity (IV infusion, cast)
, Abnormal: if caused by shock (central circulatory disturbance), peripheral arterial insufficiency,
or vasospasm (Raynaud's disease)
Hyperthermia:
Normal: with increased metabolic rate (fever, exercise), trauma, infection, or sunburn.
Abnormal: caused by hyperthyroidism
When is diaphoresis normal and abnormal? What about dehydration? - Answers Diaphoresis:
Normal: in response to activity, warm environment, anxiety or fear
Abnormal: thyrotoxicosis, stimulation of nervous system with anxiety or pain
Dehydration:
Normal: dark skin can look dry and flakey normally
Abnormal: otherwise
What is the normal and abnormal texture for skin? - Answers Normal: smooth and firm with an
even surface
Abnormal: hyperthyroidism (skin feels smoother and softer, like velvet), hypothyroidism (skin
feels rough, dry and flakey)
What is the normal and abnormal thickness of the skin? - Answers Normal: uniformly thin over
most of the body, with thickened callus areas on palms and soles.
Abnormal: arterial insufficiency leads to very thin, shiny skin (atrophic)
What does unilateral edema suggest? Bilateral edema? - Answers Unilateral: could have a local
or peripheral cause
Bilateral (anasarca, generalized edema): suggests a central problem, like heart or kidney failure
What is a complication of edema? - Answers Edema masks normal skin color so you can't see
jaundice, cyanosis, etc. Dark skin looks lighter.
Describe the rating scale for edema - Answers 0: non-pitting
1+: mild, 2 mm pitting
2+: moderate, 4 mm pitting
What are the components of a physical exam? Which are used for the skin? - Answers
Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, and Percussion. Inspection and palpation are used for skin.
What is the OLDCART pneumonic? What is it used for? - Answers Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Aggravating factors
Relief factors
Treatment
Used for signs and symptoms assessment
What is the PQRSTU pneumonic? What is it used for? - Answers Provokes/Palliates
Quality
Region/Radiation
Severity
Timing
How it affects U
Used for pain assessment (but also works for many signs/symptoms)
Subjective data for integument (12 things) - Answers 1) Previous history of skin disease
(allergies, hives, psoriasis, eczema)
2) Change in mole/sore that didn't heal
3) Change in pigmentation (size, color, location)
4) Excessive dryness or moisture (xerosis, seborrhea)
5) Pruritus
6) Excessive bruising
7) Rashes or lesions
,8) Medications (for allergies)
9) Hair loss (alopecia/hirsutism)
10) Change in nails
11) Environmental or occupational hazards (hot tub, laundry detergent)
12) Self-care behaviors
Objective data for integument (12 things) - Answers 1) Color
2) Temperature
3) Moisture
4) Texture
5) Thickness
6) Edema
7) Mobility/Turgor
8) Vascularity/Bruising
9) Lesions
10) Hair
11) Nails
12) Promoting health and self-care/teaching skin self-examination
Skin pigmentation: What is normal and abnormal - Answers Normal: ephelides (freckles), nevus
(mole), birthmarks, senile lentigines (small, flat, brown, after sun exposure) in older people,
acrochordons (skin tags), cherry (senile) angiomas
Abnormal: ABCDE pneumonic (assymetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter > 6 mm,
elevation or evolution), change in size, new pigmented lesion, development of itching, burning or
bleeding
Where are the best places to assess color changes in dark skinned people? - Answers In dark
skinned people, more reliable assessment sites are under the tongue, buccal mucosa, palpebral
conjunctiva, sclera
When is hypothermia normal and abnormal? What about hyperthermia? - Answers Hypothermia:
Normal: if induced (for surgery or fever), on an immobilized extremity (IV infusion, cast)
, Abnormal: if caused by shock (central circulatory disturbance), peripheral arterial insufficiency,
or vasospasm (Raynaud's disease)
Hyperthermia:
Normal: with increased metabolic rate (fever, exercise), trauma, infection, or sunburn.
Abnormal: caused by hyperthyroidism
When is diaphoresis normal and abnormal? What about dehydration? - Answers Diaphoresis:
Normal: in response to activity, warm environment, anxiety or fear
Abnormal: thyrotoxicosis, stimulation of nervous system with anxiety or pain
Dehydration:
Normal: dark skin can look dry and flakey normally
Abnormal: otherwise
What is the normal and abnormal texture for skin? - Answers Normal: smooth and firm with an
even surface
Abnormal: hyperthyroidism (skin feels smoother and softer, like velvet), hypothyroidism (skin
feels rough, dry and flakey)
What is the normal and abnormal thickness of the skin? - Answers Normal: uniformly thin over
most of the body, with thickened callus areas on palms and soles.
Abnormal: arterial insufficiency leads to very thin, shiny skin (atrophic)
What does unilateral edema suggest? Bilateral edema? - Answers Unilateral: could have a local
or peripheral cause
Bilateral (anasarca, generalized edema): suggests a central problem, like heart or kidney failure
What is a complication of edema? - Answers Edema masks normal skin color so you can't see
jaundice, cyanosis, etc. Dark skin looks lighter.
Describe the rating scale for edema - Answers 0: non-pitting
1+: mild, 2 mm pitting
2+: moderate, 4 mm pitting
