age 1 of 57
CHEM 219 Module 1 Problem Set Principles of Organic
Chemistry with Lab FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
Test for chirality .....Answer.....Superimposability, chiral objects
cannot be superimposed on mirror image
Enantiomers .....Answer.....The different forms of chiral
compounds-non-superimposable mirror images of each other
Chiral vs achiral .....Answer.....Chiral objects cannot be
superimposed on their mirror Achiral objects can be
superimposed on their mirror images
image
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Stereocenter .....Answer.....Carbon atom w/ tetrahedral
geometry bound to 4 different atoms/groups, the cause of
chirality/twist
What creates handedness .....Answer.....The twist from
stereocenter
Which atoms cannot be stereocenters .....Answer.....Carbons w/
multiple hydrogens ex CH2,CH4
Carbons w/ multiple bonds (violates tetrahedral)
Racemic .....Answer.....Equal amounts of both enantiomers
Carvone .....Answer.....An enantiomer pair, one smells like
spearmint the other smells like caraway seed
Physical properties of enantiomers and their ease of separation
.....Answer.....Similar properties, hard to separate
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Polarimeter .....Answer.....Determines the prescense of
enantiomers
Under controlled conditions can get specific rotation
R/S .....Answer.....R=clockwise
S=counterclockwise
wedge notation .....Answer.....represents stereocenters
Maximum number of stereoisomers possible .....Answer.....2^n
Formula for pairs of enantiomers .....Answer.....(2^n)/2
Diastereomers .....Answer.....Non mirror images (overlap
perfectly), ex cis/trans
Physical properties of diastereomers .....Answer.....Different
, age 4 of 57
Meso compound .....Answer.....A molecule that contains
stereocenters, but is superimposable on its own mirror image
E/Z .....Answer.....High priority on same side= Z
Opposite side= E Most well-known chemical reagent that can
accomplish oxidation of alcohol to carbonyl compound
.....Answer.....chromic acid (H2CrO4)
*strong oxidizing agent and will oxidize primary alcohols to
carboxylic acids without stopping at aldehyde stage
small ethers have similar water solubilities as _____
.....Answer.....isomeric alcohols of similar MW
alcohols .....Answer.....Generic formula R-OH
CHEM 219 Module 1 Problem Set Principles of Organic
Chemistry with Lab FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
Test for chirality .....Answer.....Superimposability, chiral objects
cannot be superimposed on mirror image
Enantiomers .....Answer.....The different forms of chiral
compounds-non-superimposable mirror images of each other
Chiral vs achiral .....Answer.....Chiral objects cannot be
superimposed on their mirror Achiral objects can be
superimposed on their mirror images
image
,age 2 of 57
Stereocenter .....Answer.....Carbon atom w/ tetrahedral
geometry bound to 4 different atoms/groups, the cause of
chirality/twist
What creates handedness .....Answer.....The twist from
stereocenter
Which atoms cannot be stereocenters .....Answer.....Carbons w/
multiple hydrogens ex CH2,CH4
Carbons w/ multiple bonds (violates tetrahedral)
Racemic .....Answer.....Equal amounts of both enantiomers
Carvone .....Answer.....An enantiomer pair, one smells like
spearmint the other smells like caraway seed
Physical properties of enantiomers and their ease of separation
.....Answer.....Similar properties, hard to separate
,age 3 of 57
Polarimeter .....Answer.....Determines the prescense of
enantiomers
Under controlled conditions can get specific rotation
R/S .....Answer.....R=clockwise
S=counterclockwise
wedge notation .....Answer.....represents stereocenters
Maximum number of stereoisomers possible .....Answer.....2^n
Formula for pairs of enantiomers .....Answer.....(2^n)/2
Diastereomers .....Answer.....Non mirror images (overlap
perfectly), ex cis/trans
Physical properties of diastereomers .....Answer.....Different
, age 4 of 57
Meso compound .....Answer.....A molecule that contains
stereocenters, but is superimposable on its own mirror image
E/Z .....Answer.....High priority on same side= Z
Opposite side= E Most well-known chemical reagent that can
accomplish oxidation of alcohol to carbonyl compound
.....Answer.....chromic acid (H2CrO4)
*strong oxidizing agent and will oxidize primary alcohols to
carboxylic acids without stopping at aldehyde stage
small ethers have similar water solubilities as _____
.....Answer.....isomeric alcohols of similar MW
alcohols .....Answer.....Generic formula R-OH
