age 1 of 65
CHEM 219 Module 5 Problem Set Principles of Organic
Chemistry with Lab FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
alcohols .....Answer.....Generic formula R-OH
Defined by presence of hydroxyl group, derivatives of water
(one H atoms is replaced by an alkyl group (carbon-based
group))
Phenols .....Answer.....hydroxyl group connected to benzene ring
Nomenclature alcohols .....Answer.....replace suffix of parent
chain with -ol
*Hydroxyl group will have lowest possible number
,age 2 of 65
Unsaturated alcohol nomenclature .....Answer.....2 endings
needed: one for the C=C or C triple bond C and one for the
alcohol functional group; -ol suffix
Put number on the lowest part of the double or triple bond
(ex: 2-propen-1-ol)
polyols .....Answer.....Molecules with more than one -OH group
*prefix describing number of -OH added to IUPAC name
(ex: ethane-1,2-diol)
diol, triol, etc
phenol .....Answer.....refers to a specific molecule
(hydroxybenzene) and to the parent name of all hydroxy-
substituted aromatic molecules (-OH attached to benzene ring)
,age 3 of 65
primary vs secondary vs tertiary alcohols .....Answer.....how many
carbon atoms (alkyl groups) directly attached to the carbon
bearing the -OH group
methyl alcohol .....Answer.....only hydrogen connected to carbon
bearing the -OH group
Alcohol properties .....Answer.....strong hydrogen bonding
interactions with one another because of presence of hydroxyl
group (the O-H bond is highly polarized by the electronegative
oxygen)
-->causes alcohols to have higher boiling points than other
molecules of similar molecular weight
-freely hydrogen bond to other molecules possessing O-H, N-H,
or S-H
, age 4 of 65
-lower MW alcohols are soluble in water
alcohol acidity and basicity .....Answer.....can act as weak acids
(donating O-H proton as H+) or as weak bases (accepting H+
using a long pair on the O atom) depending on the environment
surrounding them aka AMPHOTERIC substances
Acid dissociation of alcohols .....Answer.....unfavorable (lies
towards left) as dissociation produces an alkoxide ion (conjugate
base of an alcohol), which is a very strong base
typically, acid-base rxn formation of weaker conjugate
acids/bases
CHEM 219 Module 5 Problem Set Principles of Organic
Chemistry with Lab FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
alcohols .....Answer.....Generic formula R-OH
Defined by presence of hydroxyl group, derivatives of water
(one H atoms is replaced by an alkyl group (carbon-based
group))
Phenols .....Answer.....hydroxyl group connected to benzene ring
Nomenclature alcohols .....Answer.....replace suffix of parent
chain with -ol
*Hydroxyl group will have lowest possible number
,age 2 of 65
Unsaturated alcohol nomenclature .....Answer.....2 endings
needed: one for the C=C or C triple bond C and one for the
alcohol functional group; -ol suffix
Put number on the lowest part of the double or triple bond
(ex: 2-propen-1-ol)
polyols .....Answer.....Molecules with more than one -OH group
*prefix describing number of -OH added to IUPAC name
(ex: ethane-1,2-diol)
diol, triol, etc
phenol .....Answer.....refers to a specific molecule
(hydroxybenzene) and to the parent name of all hydroxy-
substituted aromatic molecules (-OH attached to benzene ring)
,age 3 of 65
primary vs secondary vs tertiary alcohols .....Answer.....how many
carbon atoms (alkyl groups) directly attached to the carbon
bearing the -OH group
methyl alcohol .....Answer.....only hydrogen connected to carbon
bearing the -OH group
Alcohol properties .....Answer.....strong hydrogen bonding
interactions with one another because of presence of hydroxyl
group (the O-H bond is highly polarized by the electronegative
oxygen)
-->causes alcohols to have higher boiling points than other
molecules of similar molecular weight
-freely hydrogen bond to other molecules possessing O-H, N-H,
or S-H
, age 4 of 65
-lower MW alcohols are soluble in water
alcohol acidity and basicity .....Answer.....can act as weak acids
(donating O-H proton as H+) or as weak bases (accepting H+
using a long pair on the O atom) depending on the environment
surrounding them aka AMPHOTERIC substances
Acid dissociation of alcohols .....Answer.....unfavorable (lies
towards left) as dissociation produces an alkoxide ion (conjugate
base of an alcohol), which is a very strong base
typically, acid-base rxn formation of weaker conjugate
acids/bases
