WGU-(D167)-Educational Psychology &
Human Development of Children &
Adolescence ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
self-actualization (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need involves personal
growth and fulfillment and the realization of one's personal potential as a human being. To
become everything one is capable of becoming.
esteem (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need includes self respect, respect from
others, achievement, independence, status, and prestige.
love and belonging (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need involves interpersonal
relationships-friendships, intimacy, trust, romance and love, and being part of a group.
safety (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need includes protection from the
elements, financial and physical security, law and order, and freedom from fear.
physiological (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Needs that are biological requirements
for survival, such as food, water, shelter, and clothing.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Theorized that individuals must
satisfy their deficiency needs before growth needs can influence their behavior.
cognitive (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Involves curiosity knowledge and
intellectual exploration. Referred to as "Brain" and "thinking."
aesthetic (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need focuses on the search for and
expression of beauty and balance, which can be found in nature or artistic pursuit such as
painting, architecture, and music.
Transcendence (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need involves meeting spiritual
needs or helping others achieve self-actualization.
,Physical Development (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A developmental process that
refers to gross motor skills and fine motor skills.
Arnold Gesell - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The first theorist to observe and document the
stages of physical development. Coined the term: maturational-development theory of child
development.
Infancy (Birth to 2 yrs) (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The stage of development
where a child holds up their head, rolls over, reaches for things, sets, crawls, and walks.
Children can feed themselves with their hands, make a small tower of cubes, jump and run
awkwardly, throw a ball, and use a zipper. Children begin to walk with increased
coordination and manipulate small toys with their hands.
Early Childhood (2-6yrs) (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The stage where children
show significant improvement in both gross and fine motor skills. They love to run, hop,
tumble, climb, and swing. Fine motor skill development allows them to string beads and put
together jigsaw puzzles. They can also dressed and undressed themselves and eat with
utensils.
Middle Childhood (6-10yrs) (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The stage where older
children continue to gain weight and height. They have permanent teeth that also begins to
form. Children begin to participate in organized sports as their speed and coordination skills
advance. They experience a refinement of fine motor skills, improved handwriting, and their
drawings become increasingly representational. They can also use fine motor skills to sew,
build models, or do other crafts.
Adolescence (10-18yrs) (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The stage where children's
weight and height begin to increase rapidly then puberty begins.There is an increase in
hormones that impacts behavior. Will think they are adults, reject adult authority. Both boys
and girls reach sexual maturity, girls physical growth slows, and boys will continue to grow
into early adulthood.
Cognitive or Brain Development (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The learning
process of memory, language, thinking, and reasoning.
,Tanner Staging System (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅When students write their
own development using schematic drawings of development.
BOT-2 (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A standardize tool that measures physical
development and used between the ages of four and 21. The areas a physical development
include fine manual control, manual coordination, body coordination, and strength.
Piaget Theory of Cognitive Development - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Theory of cognitive
development that suggests children move through four different stages of mental
development. Focus is not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also
on understanding the nature of intelligence. Stages in this theory are: sensorimotor, pre-
operational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2yrs) (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅In this stage infants
know the world through their movements and sensations. Children learn about the world
through basic actions such as sucking, grasping, looking, and listening. Infants and toddlers
learn from sensory experiences and manipulating objects. Their earliest experience occurs
through basic reflexes, senses, and motor responses.
Pre-operational Stage (2-7yrs) (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅In this stage children
begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects. They
tend to be egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others. They still tend
to think about things in very concrete terms. During this time there is an emergence of
language, this is considered the hallmark of the stage. They are also skilled at pretend play,
but struggle with logic and point of views from others. Lastly they struggle with the idea of
constancy.
Concrete Operational Stage (7-11yrs) (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅In this stage
children begin to think logically about concrete events. They understand the concept of
conversation. Their thinking becomes more logical and organized, but still concrete meaning
literal. They use inductive logic, reasoning from specific information to general principal.
This often means that their thinking can also be rigid. They struggle with abstract and
hypothetical concepts. They begin to think about how other people might think and feel. They
realize their thoughts are unique to them, and that not everyone will share their thoughts
feelings and opinions.
Formal Operational Stage (12 & Up) (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅In this stage
children are considered adolescent or young adult. They begin to think abstractly and reason
about hypothetical problems. They begin to think about moral, philosophical, ethical, social,
, and political issues. All of those require theoretical and abstract reasoning. They also begin to
use deductive logic/reasoning from a general principle to specific information. They are
capable of seeing multiple potential solutions and think scientifically. They have the ability to
plan for the future.
Schemas (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Describes both mental and physical actions
involved in understanding and knowing. Includes categories of knowledge that help us
interpret and understand the world.
Assimilation (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The process of taking new information
into our already existing schemas. The process is subjective because we tend to modify
experiences and information slightly to fit in with our pre-existing beliefs.
Accommodation (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Involves changing or altering our
existing schemas in light of new information. We modify existing schemas, or ideas, as a
result of new experiences.
Equilibration (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅When children try to balance between
assimilation and accommodation. Through the process of cognitive development: it is
important to maintain a balance between applying previous knowledge (assimilation) and
changing behavior to account for new knowledge (accommodation).
Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development (AKA: Sociocultural Theory) - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Emphasize the important role of social interactions in the development of
children's cognition. The environment and community play a key role in children's "meaning
making." Children's social learning must come before their cognitive development. Theorized
that children are born with "elementary mental functions."
Social Speech (Vygotsky) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Speech that involves talking to other
people.
Private Speech (Vygotsky) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Speech that involves talking to self.
More Knowledgeable Other (Vygotsky) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A person who is more
skilled or more knowledgeable. (MKO)
Human Development of Children &
Adolescence ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
self-actualization (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need involves personal
growth and fulfillment and the realization of one's personal potential as a human being. To
become everything one is capable of becoming.
esteem (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need includes self respect, respect from
others, achievement, independence, status, and prestige.
love and belonging (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need involves interpersonal
relationships-friendships, intimacy, trust, romance and love, and being part of a group.
safety (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need includes protection from the
elements, financial and physical security, law and order, and freedom from fear.
physiological (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Needs that are biological requirements
for survival, such as food, water, shelter, and clothing.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Theorized that individuals must
satisfy their deficiency needs before growth needs can influence their behavior.
cognitive (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Involves curiosity knowledge and
intellectual exploration. Referred to as "Brain" and "thinking."
aesthetic (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need focuses on the search for and
expression of beauty and balance, which can be found in nature or artistic pursuit such as
painting, architecture, and music.
Transcendence (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅This need involves meeting spiritual
needs or helping others achieve self-actualization.
,Physical Development (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A developmental process that
refers to gross motor skills and fine motor skills.
Arnold Gesell - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The first theorist to observe and document the
stages of physical development. Coined the term: maturational-development theory of child
development.
Infancy (Birth to 2 yrs) (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The stage of development
where a child holds up their head, rolls over, reaches for things, sets, crawls, and walks.
Children can feed themselves with their hands, make a small tower of cubes, jump and run
awkwardly, throw a ball, and use a zipper. Children begin to walk with increased
coordination and manipulate small toys with their hands.
Early Childhood (2-6yrs) (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The stage where children
show significant improvement in both gross and fine motor skills. They love to run, hop,
tumble, climb, and swing. Fine motor skill development allows them to string beads and put
together jigsaw puzzles. They can also dressed and undressed themselves and eat with
utensils.
Middle Childhood (6-10yrs) (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The stage where older
children continue to gain weight and height. They have permanent teeth that also begins to
form. Children begin to participate in organized sports as their speed and coordination skills
advance. They experience a refinement of fine motor skills, improved handwriting, and their
drawings become increasingly representational. They can also use fine motor skills to sew,
build models, or do other crafts.
Adolescence (10-18yrs) (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The stage where children's
weight and height begin to increase rapidly then puberty begins.There is an increase in
hormones that impacts behavior. Will think they are adults, reject adult authority. Both boys
and girls reach sexual maturity, girls physical growth slows, and boys will continue to grow
into early adulthood.
Cognitive or Brain Development (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The learning
process of memory, language, thinking, and reasoning.
,Tanner Staging System (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅When students write their
own development using schematic drawings of development.
BOT-2 (Maslow) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A standardize tool that measures physical
development and used between the ages of four and 21. The areas a physical development
include fine manual control, manual coordination, body coordination, and strength.
Piaget Theory of Cognitive Development - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Theory of cognitive
development that suggests children move through four different stages of mental
development. Focus is not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also
on understanding the nature of intelligence. Stages in this theory are: sensorimotor, pre-
operational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2yrs) (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅In this stage infants
know the world through their movements and sensations. Children learn about the world
through basic actions such as sucking, grasping, looking, and listening. Infants and toddlers
learn from sensory experiences and manipulating objects. Their earliest experience occurs
through basic reflexes, senses, and motor responses.
Pre-operational Stage (2-7yrs) (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅In this stage children
begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects. They
tend to be egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others. They still tend
to think about things in very concrete terms. During this time there is an emergence of
language, this is considered the hallmark of the stage. They are also skilled at pretend play,
but struggle with logic and point of views from others. Lastly they struggle with the idea of
constancy.
Concrete Operational Stage (7-11yrs) (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅In this stage
children begin to think logically about concrete events. They understand the concept of
conversation. Their thinking becomes more logical and organized, but still concrete meaning
literal. They use inductive logic, reasoning from specific information to general principal.
This often means that their thinking can also be rigid. They struggle with abstract and
hypothetical concepts. They begin to think about how other people might think and feel. They
realize their thoughts are unique to them, and that not everyone will share their thoughts
feelings and opinions.
Formal Operational Stage (12 & Up) (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅In this stage
children are considered adolescent or young adult. They begin to think abstractly and reason
about hypothetical problems. They begin to think about moral, philosophical, ethical, social,
, and political issues. All of those require theoretical and abstract reasoning. They also begin to
use deductive logic/reasoning from a general principle to specific information. They are
capable of seeing multiple potential solutions and think scientifically. They have the ability to
plan for the future.
Schemas (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Describes both mental and physical actions
involved in understanding and knowing. Includes categories of knowledge that help us
interpret and understand the world.
Assimilation (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The process of taking new information
into our already existing schemas. The process is subjective because we tend to modify
experiences and information slightly to fit in with our pre-existing beliefs.
Accommodation (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Involves changing or altering our
existing schemas in light of new information. We modify existing schemas, or ideas, as a
result of new experiences.
Equilibration (Piaget) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅When children try to balance between
assimilation and accommodation. Through the process of cognitive development: it is
important to maintain a balance between applying previous knowledge (assimilation) and
changing behavior to account for new knowledge (accommodation).
Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development (AKA: Sociocultural Theory) - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Emphasize the important role of social interactions in the development of
children's cognition. The environment and community play a key role in children's "meaning
making." Children's social learning must come before their cognitive development. Theorized
that children are born with "elementary mental functions."
Social Speech (Vygotsky) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Speech that involves talking to other
people.
Private Speech (Vygotsky) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Speech that involves talking to self.
More Knowledgeable Other (Vygotsky) - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A person who is more
skilled or more knowledgeable. (MKO)
