English Language Paper 2 A Level
With answers
ZIMMERMAN & WEST - answer-dominance model - 90% of interruptions are by men
FISHMAN - answer-conversational shit work
LAKOFF - answer-deficit model - women's language contains features (intensifiers,
hedging, empty adjectives, back channelling) that makes it inherently weak
JESPERSON - answer-women's language is littered with non-fluency features because
they speak without thinking (study based on fiction)
TANNEN - answer-difference model - conflict vs compromise, advice vs understanding,
status vs support
CAMERON - answer-verbal hygiene
GILES - answer-accommodation theory - adjusting one's accent to match that of the
others in the conversation
matched guise approach - RP speakers are seen as more intelligent and trustworthy but
less friendly
MAHONEY ET AL - answer-guilt experiment - students were played recordings of fake
police interviews and judged those with Brummie accents as more guilty
ROSEWARNE - answer-Estuary English - English spoken by those living near the
Thames, characterised by glottal stops, th-fronting and h-dropping
MURPHY - answer-Americanisms enter Britain in the same way British features enter
America
KANDIAH - answer-English's spread is a direct result of colonisation
CRYSTAL (colonisation) - answer-colonisation isn't the only reason for the spread of
English, as it is also a result of the power associated with English-speaking countries
GRADDOL - answer-English may lose its popularity as other languages become more
dominant (e.g. Mandarin and Spanish) similarly to how Latin did
With answers
ZIMMERMAN & WEST - answer-dominance model - 90% of interruptions are by men
FISHMAN - answer-conversational shit work
LAKOFF - answer-deficit model - women's language contains features (intensifiers,
hedging, empty adjectives, back channelling) that makes it inherently weak
JESPERSON - answer-women's language is littered with non-fluency features because
they speak without thinking (study based on fiction)
TANNEN - answer-difference model - conflict vs compromise, advice vs understanding,
status vs support
CAMERON - answer-verbal hygiene
GILES - answer-accommodation theory - adjusting one's accent to match that of the
others in the conversation
matched guise approach - RP speakers are seen as more intelligent and trustworthy but
less friendly
MAHONEY ET AL - answer-guilt experiment - students were played recordings of fake
police interviews and judged those with Brummie accents as more guilty
ROSEWARNE - answer-Estuary English - English spoken by those living near the
Thames, characterised by glottal stops, th-fronting and h-dropping
MURPHY - answer-Americanisms enter Britain in the same way British features enter
America
KANDIAH - answer-English's spread is a direct result of colonisation
CRYSTAL (colonisation) - answer-colonisation isn't the only reason for the spread of
English, as it is also a result of the power associated with English-speaking countries
GRADDOL - answer-English may lose its popularity as other languages become more
dominant (e.g. Mandarin and Spanish) similarly to how Latin did
