NUR 1020C EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE (TERM 1) 165
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Answer - The nurse's understanding of these
factors helps with formulating nursing diagnoses that address the patient's
needs and values. Needs at the lower levels of the pyramid-shaped hierarchy
must be met before needs at higher levels are addressed.
Florence Nightingale (1860) Answer - Concept of the environment emphasized
prevention and clean air, water, and housing.
- Her nursing theoretical work discussed environmental adaptation with
appropriate noise levels, hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, hope, nutrition,
and conservation of patient energy.
Which two nurses emerged during the civil war? Answer - Dorthea Dix and
Clara Barton.
Dorthea Dix Answer - Head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a
forerunner of the Army Nurse Corps.
Clara Barton Answer - Established the Red Cross.
Linda Richards Answer - America's first trained nurse, graduating from Boston's
Women's Hospital in 1873.
,Lena Higbee Answer - Superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps, was
awarded the Navy Cross in 1918.
Hildegard Peplau (1952) Answer - Focused on the roles played by the nurse
and the interpersonal process between a nurse and a patient.
- The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1) orientation; (2)
working, consisting of two subphases—identification and exploitation; and (3)
resolution.
Virginia Henderson (1966) Answer - Had 14 components, based on Maslow's
hierarchy of human needs from the physiologic, psychological, sociocultural,
spiritual, and developmental domains.
- She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person),
supplementary (helping the person), or complementary (working with the
person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the patient.
Martha Rogers (1970) Answer - Stated that human beings and their
environments are interacting in continuous motion as infinite energy fields.
- The model includes four dimensions: energy fields, openness, patterns and
organizations, and dimensionality.
Sister Callista Roy's (1970) Answer - Adaptation Model is based on the human
being as an adaptive open system.
- The person adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a
positive self-concept-group identity, performing social role functions, and
balancing dependence and independence.
Dorothea Orem Answer - Three interrelated theories of self-care, self-care
deficit, and nursing systems constitute Dorothea Orem's (1971) Self-Care
Deficit Theory of Nursing.
, - A self-care deficit exists when patients are unable to meet their self-care
needs. Nursing systems care for patients who require assistance in one of three
categories: (1) wholly compensatory, (2) partly compensatory, or (3)
supportive-educative.
- The goal of nursing care is to help patients perform self-care by increasing
their independence.
Imogene King (1971) Answer - Developed a general systems framework that
incorporates three levels of systems: (1) individual or personal, (2) group or
interpersonal, and (3) society or social.
- In this theory, the nurse and the patient work together to achieve the goals in
the continuous adjustment to stressors.
Betty Neuman (1972) Answer - Systems Model includes a holistic concept and
an open-system approach.
- The model identifies energy resources that provide for basic survival, with
lines of resistance that are activated when a stressor invades the system.
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (1981) Answer - Formulated the Theory of Human
Becoming by combining concepts from Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary
Human Beings with existential-phenomenologic thought. - This theory looks at
the person as a constantly changing being, and at nursing as a human science.
Jean Watson (1988) Answer - Theory is based on caring, with nurses dedicated
to health and healing.
Professional Attire Answer - - Hair back
- Make-up clean, minimum
- Short nails
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Answer - The nurse's understanding of these
factors helps with formulating nursing diagnoses that address the patient's
needs and values. Needs at the lower levels of the pyramid-shaped hierarchy
must be met before needs at higher levels are addressed.
Florence Nightingale (1860) Answer - Concept of the environment emphasized
prevention and clean air, water, and housing.
- Her nursing theoretical work discussed environmental adaptation with
appropriate noise levels, hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, hope, nutrition,
and conservation of patient energy.
Which two nurses emerged during the civil war? Answer - Dorthea Dix and
Clara Barton.
Dorthea Dix Answer - Head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a
forerunner of the Army Nurse Corps.
Clara Barton Answer - Established the Red Cross.
Linda Richards Answer - America's first trained nurse, graduating from Boston's
Women's Hospital in 1873.
,Lena Higbee Answer - Superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps, was
awarded the Navy Cross in 1918.
Hildegard Peplau (1952) Answer - Focused on the roles played by the nurse
and the interpersonal process between a nurse and a patient.
- The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1) orientation; (2)
working, consisting of two subphases—identification and exploitation; and (3)
resolution.
Virginia Henderson (1966) Answer - Had 14 components, based on Maslow's
hierarchy of human needs from the physiologic, psychological, sociocultural,
spiritual, and developmental domains.
- She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person),
supplementary (helping the person), or complementary (working with the
person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the patient.
Martha Rogers (1970) Answer - Stated that human beings and their
environments are interacting in continuous motion as infinite energy fields.
- The model includes four dimensions: energy fields, openness, patterns and
organizations, and dimensionality.
Sister Callista Roy's (1970) Answer - Adaptation Model is based on the human
being as an adaptive open system.
- The person adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a
positive self-concept-group identity, performing social role functions, and
balancing dependence and independence.
Dorothea Orem Answer - Three interrelated theories of self-care, self-care
deficit, and nursing systems constitute Dorothea Orem's (1971) Self-Care
Deficit Theory of Nursing.
, - A self-care deficit exists when patients are unable to meet their self-care
needs. Nursing systems care for patients who require assistance in one of three
categories: (1) wholly compensatory, (2) partly compensatory, or (3)
supportive-educative.
- The goal of nursing care is to help patients perform self-care by increasing
their independence.
Imogene King (1971) Answer - Developed a general systems framework that
incorporates three levels of systems: (1) individual or personal, (2) group or
interpersonal, and (3) society or social.
- In this theory, the nurse and the patient work together to achieve the goals in
the continuous adjustment to stressors.
Betty Neuman (1972) Answer - Systems Model includes a holistic concept and
an open-system approach.
- The model identifies energy resources that provide for basic survival, with
lines of resistance that are activated when a stressor invades the system.
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (1981) Answer - Formulated the Theory of Human
Becoming by combining concepts from Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary
Human Beings with existential-phenomenologic thought. - This theory looks at
the person as a constantly changing being, and at nursing as a human science.
Jean Watson (1988) Answer - Theory is based on caring, with nurses dedicated
to health and healing.
Professional Attire Answer - - Hair back
- Make-up clean, minimum
- Short nails
