1|Page
Endo - Hirsutism, Gynecomastia, Breast
Discharge Questions With Complete Solutions
2025
What is DM?
What are the different types? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
Syndrome of disordered metabolism & inappropriate
hyperglycemia
DM Type 1 & Type 2
How does DM1 compare to DM2? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔
What population is DM1 common? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Children/adolescents
What is the etiology of DM1? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
*Autoimmune* disorder (95%)—destruction of beta cells
of pancreas islets of Langerhans
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Catabolic disorder
What does DM1 require for survival?
What results if this is left untreated? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Exogenous insulin
Ketosis
What population is DM2 more common in? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Older adults (>40) but is now occurring more
in children
What is the etiology of DM2? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
Insulin resistance + beta cell loss & dysfunction
What is the greatest risk factor for insulin resistance in a
DM2 patient?
What increases the sensitivity to insulin? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ *Obesity*
-*Viscera*l obesity especially
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*Leptin & adipokines*
-increase sensitivity to insulin
Interfere w/ insulin action on glucose metabolism
Is exogenous insulin required for DM2? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ *Not initially required* but patient may need
this eventually
What is *MODY*?
What occurs?
Do they require insulin?
What is the age on onset? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
*Maturity onset diabetes of the young* (does not fit into
DM1 or DM2)
*Non-insulin dependent DM*
Age of onset: *<25 yrs *
, 4|Page
Non-obese
Due to impaired glucose-induced secretion of insulin
*Autosomal dominant* inheritance
What are some secondary causes for a patient with DM
that does not fit into DM1 or DM2? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Insensitivity to insulin (endo tumors, drugs-
steroids, liver dz)
Reduced insulin secretion (pheo, pancreatitis, drugs)
What are some other names for *Metabolic Syndrome*?
- ....ANSWER ....✔✔ "Syndrome X"
"Dysmetabolic Syndrome"
What does metabolic syndrome increase your risk of
developing?
What has an increased incidence of this? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Increased risk of developing DM2
Endo - Hirsutism, Gynecomastia, Breast
Discharge Questions With Complete Solutions
2025
What is DM?
What are the different types? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
Syndrome of disordered metabolism & inappropriate
hyperglycemia
DM Type 1 & Type 2
How does DM1 compare to DM2? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔
What population is DM1 common? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Children/adolescents
What is the etiology of DM1? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
*Autoimmune* disorder (95%)—destruction of beta cells
of pancreas islets of Langerhans
,2|Page
Catabolic disorder
What does DM1 require for survival?
What results if this is left untreated? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Exogenous insulin
Ketosis
What population is DM2 more common in? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Older adults (>40) but is now occurring more
in children
What is the etiology of DM2? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
Insulin resistance + beta cell loss & dysfunction
What is the greatest risk factor for insulin resistance in a
DM2 patient?
What increases the sensitivity to insulin? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ *Obesity*
-*Viscera*l obesity especially
,3|Page
*Leptin & adipokines*
-increase sensitivity to insulin
Interfere w/ insulin action on glucose metabolism
Is exogenous insulin required for DM2? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ *Not initially required* but patient may need
this eventually
What is *MODY*?
What occurs?
Do they require insulin?
What is the age on onset? - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
*Maturity onset diabetes of the young* (does not fit into
DM1 or DM2)
*Non-insulin dependent DM*
Age of onset: *<25 yrs *
, 4|Page
Non-obese
Due to impaired glucose-induced secretion of insulin
*Autosomal dominant* inheritance
What are some secondary causes for a patient with DM
that does not fit into DM1 or DM2? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Insensitivity to insulin (endo tumors, drugs-
steroids, liver dz)
Reduced insulin secretion (pheo, pancreatitis, drugs)
What are some other names for *Metabolic Syndrome*?
- ....ANSWER ....✔✔ "Syndrome X"
"Dysmetabolic Syndrome"
What does metabolic syndrome increase your risk of
developing?
What has an increased incidence of this? - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ Increased risk of developing DM2
