INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL
PHARMACOLOGY 10TH EDITION BY
VISOVSKY TEST BANK GUARANTEED
What is the definition of clinical pharmacology? -
A discipline spanning the spectrum of drug delivery, drug development, drug
utilization, and drug regulation
What are the words for the following blanks?
Clinical Pharmacology is aimed at advancing therapeutics in humans with mechanistic
understanding of drug actions _____ and drug disposition _____ -
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
What is the definition of translational sciences? -
Knowledge acquired in animal or in silico models of disease, ex-vivo studies in human
tissues, or in vivo studies in healthy or diseased humans is translated into effective treatment
for patients
What is the starting dose of Phase I trial? -
one tenth of LD50 for cancer or phytotoxins
What are the professional goals of clinical pharmacologists? -
Discover, develop and evaluate new medicines, regulate their use
Optimize the use of existing medicines, find new indications
Define the basis for variability in therapeutic and toxic responses to medicines
What is the measurement to see whether some toxicities can be managed and may be
acceptable? -
Page
, risk/benefit ratio
What is the characteristic of Risk/Benefit ratio? -
It is contextual, which tells you it is depending on the drug and disease that we intend
to treat
For example, it is not the same to consider potentially serious toxicity for a drug intended to
treat HYT, which is a medical condition that needs lifelong therapy, compared to treatment of
cancer, a disease that is potentially lethal over the short term, and that requires very intense
treatment with combination of drugs that have very significant toxicity
_____ is a condition or brings up situations, if you will, where an underlying genetic variant
may predispose individuals to severe toxicity to drugs -
Genetics
What is the name of genetic variant and the name of antiviral drug?
Individuals that carry _____ variant are at very high risk of _____ hypersensitivity. This drug
is used in the treatment of HIV infections and AIDS, and prior to instituting treatment with
the drug, every pt is first tested for this variant, _____, and alternatives must be found if the
patient have the variant -
HLA-B*5701 and abacavir
What is the name drug that causes the-drug-induced liver disease (DILI) and the name of
variant associated with this DILI? -
Flucoxacillin and HLA-B *5701
What is the name of genetic variant and the name of drug?
_____ may predispose to severe _____-induced, a serious cutaneous ADR that actually can
be fatal -
HLA-B*1502 and Carbamazepine
What is the name of drug-induced disease associated with HLA-B*1502? -
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
What is the name of disease exemplified as unacceptable drug toxicity that induces an
abnormal, life-threatening episode/ADR of the polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that you
might be able to see in ECG record -
Torsades de Pointes
What is the name of drug that was historically the first non-sedating antihistamine under the
brand name of Seldane, but subsequently withdrawn from the market due to the risk of drug-
induced arrhythmias? -
Terfenadine
What are the words in the blanks?
Page
, _____ is carboxylic metabolite of _____ which is a non-sedating antihistamine under the
brandname of Allegra but does not have the risk of a drug-induced arrhythmia. Recently it is
also called _____ -
Terfenadine Carboxylate, Terfenadine, and Fexofenadine
What would we learn from the examples of Terfenadine and its carboxylic metabolite? -
It brings us to consider and remember the importance of studying drug metabolism and
assessing whether metabolites are also pharmacologically active or are otherwise inactive
ones, whether transformation has taken place
What is the name of drug that was not allowed to enter the US market after approved in the
US due to some severe toxicity to unborn children expressed by prenatal drug exposure: an
epidemic worldwide of phocomelia, children born with severe defects in terms of their limbs
-
Thalidomide
What is the starting step in development and evaluation of new drugs? -
Drug discovery
What is the step that animal testing of candidate drugs and evaluation to demonstrate safety
in humans and whether or not the drug is effective in a given clinical condition while
conducted in development and evaluation of new drugs? -
Pre-clinical and clinical evaluation
What is the step in which, once the drug enters the market, experts continue to evaluate for
the possibility of rare ADRs that were not discovered in the pre-approval stage, and also
performing studies in special populations like geriatric and pediatric populations? -
Post-marketing studies
What are done in Pre-Clinical Development? -
Chemical Synthesis and Formulation Development
Animal Models for Efficacy
Assay Development
Animal PK and PD
Animal Toxicology
What is the case for which Animal Toxicology continues in the long term? -
If the drug is intended for chronic use
What is the next step once a package of information is developed that indicates the candidate
drug may, in fact, be promising? -
An investigational new drug application, the IND, is filed with the FDA or other
regulatory agencies and process of evaluating the drug in humans starts by Clinical
Development: Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III
What is studied in Phase I? -
Page
PHARMACOLOGY 10TH EDITION BY
VISOVSKY TEST BANK GUARANTEED
What is the definition of clinical pharmacology? -
A discipline spanning the spectrum of drug delivery, drug development, drug
utilization, and drug regulation
What are the words for the following blanks?
Clinical Pharmacology is aimed at advancing therapeutics in humans with mechanistic
understanding of drug actions _____ and drug disposition _____ -
pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
What is the definition of translational sciences? -
Knowledge acquired in animal or in silico models of disease, ex-vivo studies in human
tissues, or in vivo studies in healthy or diseased humans is translated into effective treatment
for patients
What is the starting dose of Phase I trial? -
one tenth of LD50 for cancer or phytotoxins
What are the professional goals of clinical pharmacologists? -
Discover, develop and evaluate new medicines, regulate their use
Optimize the use of existing medicines, find new indications
Define the basis for variability in therapeutic and toxic responses to medicines
What is the measurement to see whether some toxicities can be managed and may be
acceptable? -
Page
, risk/benefit ratio
What is the characteristic of Risk/Benefit ratio? -
It is contextual, which tells you it is depending on the drug and disease that we intend
to treat
For example, it is not the same to consider potentially serious toxicity for a drug intended to
treat HYT, which is a medical condition that needs lifelong therapy, compared to treatment of
cancer, a disease that is potentially lethal over the short term, and that requires very intense
treatment with combination of drugs that have very significant toxicity
_____ is a condition or brings up situations, if you will, where an underlying genetic variant
may predispose individuals to severe toxicity to drugs -
Genetics
What is the name of genetic variant and the name of antiviral drug?
Individuals that carry _____ variant are at very high risk of _____ hypersensitivity. This drug
is used in the treatment of HIV infections and AIDS, and prior to instituting treatment with
the drug, every pt is first tested for this variant, _____, and alternatives must be found if the
patient have the variant -
HLA-B*5701 and abacavir
What is the name drug that causes the-drug-induced liver disease (DILI) and the name of
variant associated with this DILI? -
Flucoxacillin and HLA-B *5701
What is the name of genetic variant and the name of drug?
_____ may predispose to severe _____-induced, a serious cutaneous ADR that actually can
be fatal -
HLA-B*1502 and Carbamazepine
What is the name of drug-induced disease associated with HLA-B*1502? -
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
What is the name of disease exemplified as unacceptable drug toxicity that induces an
abnormal, life-threatening episode/ADR of the polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that you
might be able to see in ECG record -
Torsades de Pointes
What is the name of drug that was historically the first non-sedating antihistamine under the
brand name of Seldane, but subsequently withdrawn from the market due to the risk of drug-
induced arrhythmias? -
Terfenadine
What are the words in the blanks?
Page
, _____ is carboxylic metabolite of _____ which is a non-sedating antihistamine under the
brandname of Allegra but does not have the risk of a drug-induced arrhythmia. Recently it is
also called _____ -
Terfenadine Carboxylate, Terfenadine, and Fexofenadine
What would we learn from the examples of Terfenadine and its carboxylic metabolite? -
It brings us to consider and remember the importance of studying drug metabolism and
assessing whether metabolites are also pharmacologically active or are otherwise inactive
ones, whether transformation has taken place
What is the name of drug that was not allowed to enter the US market after approved in the
US due to some severe toxicity to unborn children expressed by prenatal drug exposure: an
epidemic worldwide of phocomelia, children born with severe defects in terms of their limbs
-
Thalidomide
What is the starting step in development and evaluation of new drugs? -
Drug discovery
What is the step that animal testing of candidate drugs and evaluation to demonstrate safety
in humans and whether or not the drug is effective in a given clinical condition while
conducted in development and evaluation of new drugs? -
Pre-clinical and clinical evaluation
What is the step in which, once the drug enters the market, experts continue to evaluate for
the possibility of rare ADRs that were not discovered in the pre-approval stage, and also
performing studies in special populations like geriatric and pediatric populations? -
Post-marketing studies
What are done in Pre-Clinical Development? -
Chemical Synthesis and Formulation Development
Animal Models for Efficacy
Assay Development
Animal PK and PD
Animal Toxicology
What is the case for which Animal Toxicology continues in the long term? -
If the drug is intended for chronic use
What is the next step once a package of information is developed that indicates the candidate
drug may, in fact, be promising? -
An investigational new drug application, the IND, is filed with the FDA or other
regulatory agencies and process of evaluating the drug in humans starts by Clinical
Development: Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III
What is studied in Phase I? -
Page
