ESTUDYR
NUR 328 MODULE 7 2025 MULTICHOICE ANSWERED
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
1. In nursing practice, which type of error is often considered the more serious risk
because of the potential for immediate harm to patients?
A. Type II error (false negative)
B. B. Type I error (false positive) ✔
C. Sampling error
D. Measurement error
Rationale: A Type I error (incorrectly concluding there is an effect) can lead to
implementing an unsafe practice/treatment that harms patients.
2. In a normal distribution, the area from the mean up to +2 standard deviations contains
approximately what percent of the distribution?
A. 34%
B. 47.5%
C. C. 47.5% (from mean to +2 SD); total within ±2 SD ≈ 95% ✔
D. 2.5%
Rationale: About 95% of scores lie within ±2 SD; from mean to +2 SD is ≈47.5%.
3. Which of the following is the best example of open (traditional) coding in a qualitative
study about how failure affects a nursing student’s self-esteem?
A. Running statistical tests on survey data
B. B. Assigning statements from transcripts into logical categories ✔
C. Calculating interrater reliability coefficients
D. Creating numerical scales from responses
Rationale: Open coding involves breaking text into meaningful units and grouping them
into categories.
4. The ability of another researcher to perform essentially the same study and obtain
similar results is referred to as:
A. Internal validity
B. Transferability
C. C. Replication ✔
D. Triangulation
Rationale: Replication assesses whether findings can be reproduced by others.
5. Percentages that estimate the probability that a study’s inference is correct are
reported as:
A. p-values
B. Standard errors
, ESTUDYR
C. C. Confidence intervals ✔
D. Effect sizes
Rationale: Confidence intervals provide a range of plausible values and an associated
confidence level.
6. Which term is best defined as the degree to which study participants resemble the
broader population of interest?
A. Validity
B. Reliability
C. C. Representativeness ✔
D. Fidelity
Rationale: Representativeness concerns how well the sample reflects the target
population.
7. What is a primary purpose of using software in qualitative data coding?
A. Automatically publish results
B. Replace peer review
C. C. Assist labeling statements, grouping them into categories, and facilitating
interpretation ✔
D. Generate p-values for themes
Rationale: Qualitative software helps organize and manage text segments for analysis (it
does not replace interpretive work).
8. The three common narrative approaches to reporting qualitative findings are often
labeled:
A. Empirical, theoretical, statistical
B. Phenomenological, grounded, case study
C. C. Realist tales, confessionist tales, impressionist tales ✔
D. Descriptive, correlational, experimental
Rationale: These labels describe different reporting styles (objective realist;
reflexive/confessional; literary/impressionist).
9. The alpha level in hypothesis testing is:
A. The probability of making a Type II error
B. The power of the test
C. C. The probability of making a Type I error ✔
D. The sample size determinant
Rationale: Alpha (commonly .05) is the threshold for rejecting the null, i.e., the chance
of a false positive.
10. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is best described as:
A. A descriptive statistic only
B. A test for two nominal variables
NUR 328 MODULE 7 2025 MULTICHOICE ANSWERED
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES
1. In nursing practice, which type of error is often considered the more serious risk
because of the potential for immediate harm to patients?
A. Type II error (false negative)
B. B. Type I error (false positive) ✔
C. Sampling error
D. Measurement error
Rationale: A Type I error (incorrectly concluding there is an effect) can lead to
implementing an unsafe practice/treatment that harms patients.
2. In a normal distribution, the area from the mean up to +2 standard deviations contains
approximately what percent of the distribution?
A. 34%
B. 47.5%
C. C. 47.5% (from mean to +2 SD); total within ±2 SD ≈ 95% ✔
D. 2.5%
Rationale: About 95% of scores lie within ±2 SD; from mean to +2 SD is ≈47.5%.
3. Which of the following is the best example of open (traditional) coding in a qualitative
study about how failure affects a nursing student’s self-esteem?
A. Running statistical tests on survey data
B. B. Assigning statements from transcripts into logical categories ✔
C. Calculating interrater reliability coefficients
D. Creating numerical scales from responses
Rationale: Open coding involves breaking text into meaningful units and grouping them
into categories.
4. The ability of another researcher to perform essentially the same study and obtain
similar results is referred to as:
A. Internal validity
B. Transferability
C. C. Replication ✔
D. Triangulation
Rationale: Replication assesses whether findings can be reproduced by others.
5. Percentages that estimate the probability that a study’s inference is correct are
reported as:
A. p-values
B. Standard errors
, ESTUDYR
C. C. Confidence intervals ✔
D. Effect sizes
Rationale: Confidence intervals provide a range of plausible values and an associated
confidence level.
6. Which term is best defined as the degree to which study participants resemble the
broader population of interest?
A. Validity
B. Reliability
C. C. Representativeness ✔
D. Fidelity
Rationale: Representativeness concerns how well the sample reflects the target
population.
7. What is a primary purpose of using software in qualitative data coding?
A. Automatically publish results
B. Replace peer review
C. C. Assist labeling statements, grouping them into categories, and facilitating
interpretation ✔
D. Generate p-values for themes
Rationale: Qualitative software helps organize and manage text segments for analysis (it
does not replace interpretive work).
8. The three common narrative approaches to reporting qualitative findings are often
labeled:
A. Empirical, theoretical, statistical
B. Phenomenological, grounded, case study
C. C. Realist tales, confessionist tales, impressionist tales ✔
D. Descriptive, correlational, experimental
Rationale: These labels describe different reporting styles (objective realist;
reflexive/confessional; literary/impressionist).
9. The alpha level in hypothesis testing is:
A. The probability of making a Type II error
B. The power of the test
C. C. The probability of making a Type I error ✔
D. The sample size determinant
Rationale: Alpha (commonly .05) is the threshold for rejecting the null, i.e., the chance
of a false positive.
10. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is best described as:
A. A descriptive statistic only
B. A test for two nominal variables
