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Summary N5315 / N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Module 7 Study Guide (Latest 2025) - University of
Texas at Arlington
Anaplasia .....ANSWER.....Loss of cellular differentiation
Benign tumors are .....ANSWER.....Non cancerous cells
Leukemia .....ANSWER.....Blood condition of white cells
(leukocytes); malignant (cancerous) condition.
Cancer Cells (What do they do?) .....ANSWER.....Cells that Ignore
signals that instruct normal cells to stop cellular division and
trigger apoptosis.
Benign tumor characteristics .....ANSWER.....Non-malignant new
growth.
They do not spread to locally or distant sites. They are well
encapsulated.
Benign Tumor .....ANSWER.....Do not invade tissue.
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May become large & compress normal tissue.
Inhibit blood.
Benign Tumor (head) .....ANSWER.....May cause an increase in ICP
due to growth and size.
Malignant Tumors (Characteristics) .....ANSWER.....They do not
look like the tissue of origin.
Poorly differentiated.
They have rapid cell growth.
They can spread to local tissues or distant sites.
Why do malignant cells metastasize? .....ANSWER.....They are not
encapsulated.
Malignant Tumor .....ANSWER.....A tumor that has a biological
characteristic of anaplasia.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma .....ANSWER.....A malignant tumor of
the surface epithelial tissue of the liver.
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Adeno- .....ANSWER.....Glandular epithelial tissue (deep
epithelial tissue or glands)
Adenoma .....ANSWER.....Benign tumor of glandular cells.
Adenocarcinoma .....ANSWER.....A malignant tumor that
originates in glandular tissue.
Carcinoma in Situ .....ANSWER.....A malignant tumor in its original
position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding
tissues.
Basement Membrane .....ANSWER.....Layer between epithelium
(skin, resp tract, GI tract), mesothelium (pleural cavity, peritoneal
cavity, pericardial cavity) and the endothelium (blood vessels,
lymph vessels) from the underlying connective tissue.
Sarcomas .....ANSWER.....Malignant tumors of the connective
tissue.
Osteosarcoma .....ANSWER.....malignant tumor of the bone
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"Sarcoma" + "myo" .....ANSWER.....Terms used to name
malignant tumors of specific muscle types.
Uterine Leiomyosarcoma .....ANSWER.....A malignancy of the
smooth muscle in the uterus.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) .....ANSWER.....Malignancy of the
skeletal muscles.
"-blastoma" .....ANSWER.....Malignant tumors of nervous tissue
are named based on the nerve cell type + ________.
Neuroblastoma .....ANSWER.....Malignancy malignancy of a
nerve cell.
Neuroma .....ANSWER.....A benign growth of a nerve cell.
Lymphoma .....ANSWER.....An exception to cancer identification.
A malignant tumor of lymphatic system.
Proto-oncogenes .....ANSWER.....Produce proteins which regulate
cellular proliferation.
Summary N5315 / N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology
Module 7 Study Guide (Latest 2025) - University of
Texas at Arlington
Anaplasia .....ANSWER.....Loss of cellular differentiation
Benign tumors are .....ANSWER.....Non cancerous cells
Leukemia .....ANSWER.....Blood condition of white cells
(leukocytes); malignant (cancerous) condition.
Cancer Cells (What do they do?) .....ANSWER.....Cells that Ignore
signals that instruct normal cells to stop cellular division and
trigger apoptosis.
Benign tumor characteristics .....ANSWER.....Non-malignant new
growth.
They do not spread to locally or distant sites. They are well
encapsulated.
Benign Tumor .....ANSWER.....Do not invade tissue.
,Page 2 of 43
May become large & compress normal tissue.
Inhibit blood.
Benign Tumor (head) .....ANSWER.....May cause an increase in ICP
due to growth and size.
Malignant Tumors (Characteristics) .....ANSWER.....They do not
look like the tissue of origin.
Poorly differentiated.
They have rapid cell growth.
They can spread to local tissues or distant sites.
Why do malignant cells metastasize? .....ANSWER.....They are not
encapsulated.
Malignant Tumor .....ANSWER.....A tumor that has a biological
characteristic of anaplasia.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma .....ANSWER.....A malignant tumor of
the surface epithelial tissue of the liver.
,Page 3 of 43
Adeno- .....ANSWER.....Glandular epithelial tissue (deep
epithelial tissue or glands)
Adenoma .....ANSWER.....Benign tumor of glandular cells.
Adenocarcinoma .....ANSWER.....A malignant tumor that
originates in glandular tissue.
Carcinoma in Situ .....ANSWER.....A malignant tumor in its original
position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding
tissues.
Basement Membrane .....ANSWER.....Layer between epithelium
(skin, resp tract, GI tract), mesothelium (pleural cavity, peritoneal
cavity, pericardial cavity) and the endothelium (blood vessels,
lymph vessels) from the underlying connective tissue.
Sarcomas .....ANSWER.....Malignant tumors of the connective
tissue.
Osteosarcoma .....ANSWER.....malignant tumor of the bone
, Page 4 of 43
"Sarcoma" + "myo" .....ANSWER.....Terms used to name
malignant tumors of specific muscle types.
Uterine Leiomyosarcoma .....ANSWER.....A malignancy of the
smooth muscle in the uterus.
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) .....ANSWER.....Malignancy of the
skeletal muscles.
"-blastoma" .....ANSWER.....Malignant tumors of nervous tissue
are named based on the nerve cell type + ________.
Neuroblastoma .....ANSWER.....Malignancy malignancy of a
nerve cell.
Neuroma .....ANSWER.....A benign growth of a nerve cell.
Lymphoma .....ANSWER.....An exception to cancer identification.
A malignant tumor of lymphatic system.
Proto-oncogenes .....ANSWER.....Produce proteins which regulate
cellular proliferation.
