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NSG 4100 Exam 2 With Questions and Answers
2025
absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ movement of a drug
from site of administration to blood
factors affecting drug absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ rate of dissolution, surface area, blood flow,
lipid solubility, pH partitioning
surface area and drug absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ larger SA = faster drug absorption
- example is small intestine
lipid solubility and drug absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Lipid soluble drugs can readily cross the
membranes that separate them from the blood.
- faster absorption
pH partitioning and drug absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ drug accumulates on the side of a membrane
where pH most favors its ionization
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- acidic drugs accumulate on alkaline side
- basic drugs accumulate of acidic side
IV meds and drug absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
rapid onset, irreversibility
IM/subcut meds and drug absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ good for poorly soluble drugs, slower than IV
oral meds and drug absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
more reversible, variable absorption, suggested to be
taken with 6-8 oz of fluid
sublingual/buccal meds and absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ absorbed more rapidly from oral mucosa
rectal meds and absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
relatively rapid, interruption of absorption by
defecation
topical meds and absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
decreased likelihood of systemic effects, changes in
blood flow/skin thickness can effect absorption
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transdermal meds and absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ constant rate of absorption, affected by
perspiration/temperature
inhaled meds and absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
rapid, can possibly be too rapid
distribution - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ drug movement from
blood to tissues to cells
3 determining factors of distribution - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ 1. blood flow to tissues
2. ability to exit vascular system
3. ability to enter cells
what are 2 conditions that can affect blood flow to
cells? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ - abscesses: pus pocket
with no blood vessels, Abx can not reach within pocket
- tumors: limited blood supply
at which structure do drugs leave the blood? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ capillary beds
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what factors affect the ability of the drug to enter the
cells? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ lipid solubility, presence of
transport system
protein binding - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ as drugs are
distributed in plasma, many bind with plasma proteins
highly bound drugs - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ more than
90% bound to protein
ex: warfarin, sertraline, furosemide)
weakly bound drugs - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ less than
10% bound
ex: metformin, metoprolol
bound drug vs unbound drug - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
bound drug is inactive and cannot interact with receptors
unbound drug is free, available drug
factors affecting protein binding - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
competition for protein binding sites
low plasma protein levels
NSG 4100 Exam 2 With Questions and Answers
2025
absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ movement of a drug
from site of administration to blood
factors affecting drug absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ rate of dissolution, surface area, blood flow,
lipid solubility, pH partitioning
surface area and drug absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ larger SA = faster drug absorption
- example is small intestine
lipid solubility and drug absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ Lipid soluble drugs can readily cross the
membranes that separate them from the blood.
- faster absorption
pH partitioning and drug absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ drug accumulates on the side of a membrane
where pH most favors its ionization
,2|Page
- acidic drugs accumulate on alkaline side
- basic drugs accumulate of acidic side
IV meds and drug absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
rapid onset, irreversibility
IM/subcut meds and drug absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ good for poorly soluble drugs, slower than IV
oral meds and drug absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
more reversible, variable absorption, suggested to be
taken with 6-8 oz of fluid
sublingual/buccal meds and absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ absorbed more rapidly from oral mucosa
rectal meds and absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
relatively rapid, interruption of absorption by
defecation
topical meds and absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
decreased likelihood of systemic effects, changes in
blood flow/skin thickness can effect absorption
,3|Page
transdermal meds and absorption - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ constant rate of absorption, affected by
perspiration/temperature
inhaled meds and absorption - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
rapid, can possibly be too rapid
distribution - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ drug movement from
blood to tissues to cells
3 determining factors of distribution - .....ANSWER
...✔✔ 1. blood flow to tissues
2. ability to exit vascular system
3. ability to enter cells
what are 2 conditions that can affect blood flow to
cells? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ - abscesses: pus pocket
with no blood vessels, Abx can not reach within pocket
- tumors: limited blood supply
at which structure do drugs leave the blood? -
.....ANSWER ...✔✔ capillary beds
, 4|Page
what factors affect the ability of the drug to enter the
cells? - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ lipid solubility, presence of
transport system
protein binding - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ as drugs are
distributed in plasma, many bind with plasma proteins
highly bound drugs - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ more than
90% bound to protein
ex: warfarin, sertraline, furosemide)
weakly bound drugs - .....ANSWER ...✔✔ less than
10% bound
ex: metformin, metoprolol
bound drug vs unbound drug - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
bound drug is inactive and cannot interact with receptors
unbound drug is free, available drug
factors affecting protein binding - .....ANSWER ...✔✔
competition for protein binding sites
low plasma protein levels
