NR 224 Exam 2 Study Guide: Oxygenation, Fluid & Electrolytes, Perfusion

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NR224 / NR 224 Exam 2 Concept List (Latest 2025)

Fundamentals - Chamberlain

Ascending colon .....ANSWER.....Very liquid stool, no pattern




Transverse colon .....ANSWER.....Stool becoming more formed, but

still liquid




Descending colon .....ANSWER.....Stool losing water to

reabsorption, becoming thick and formed




Sigmoid colon .....ANSWER.....Formed stool




Rectum .....ANSWER.....Most formed, storage until evacuation

occurs (if not evacuated, site of fecal impaction)

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Normal abdomen assessment .....ANSWER.....Soft

Non-distended

Non-tender

Symmetrical

Active bowel sounds x4 quadrants




Abnormal abdomen assessment .....ANSWER.....Firm

Distended

Tender

Asymmetrical

Absent bowel sounds (paralytic ileus)




Peristalsis .....ANSWER.....Under control of the nervous system

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Contractions occur every 3-12 minutes




Mass peristalsis sweeps occur ___ to ____ times each 24 hour

period .....ANSWER.....1-4




____ to ____ of food waste is excreted in stool within 24 hours

.....ANSWER.....1/3 to 1/2 (normal transit time)




Rapid transit times .....ANSWER.....Loose stools, diarrhea, less

absorption of nutrients, less water reabsorbed




Delayed transit times .....ANSWER.....Constipation, too much

water reabsorbed, dry stools

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Type I stool .....ANSWER.....Separate hard lumps, like nuts (hard

to pass)




Type 2 stool .....ANSWER.....Sausage-shaped but lumpy




Type 3 stool .....ANSWER.....Like a sausage, but with cracks on its

surface




Type 4 stool .....ANSWER.....Like a sausage or snake, smooth and

soft




Type 5 stool .....ANSWER.....Soft blobs with clear-cut edges

(passed easily)