age 1 of 107
NR 511 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND
NEW VERSION>
cervical Spondylosis .....Answer.....- Chronic, degenerative, causes
stiffness and pain, very common >50yo
- S: neck stiffness, mild aching esp with activity, trouble turning
neck from side to side, limited ROM, Paresthesias follow
dermatomes
O:weak shoulder abduction, bicep weakness (c6 involvement),
tricep weakness (C7 involvement), myelopathy s/s: leg
weakness, gait disturbances, balance problems, impaired fine
motor loss of bowel and bladder control
,age 2 of 107
dx: MRI
tx: if radiculopathy: cervical traction. physical therapy, NSAIDs,
oral steroid, steroid epidural injections, surgery (last)
edu: 75-90% of pts improve with conservative tx
Lumbar spinal stenosis .....Answer.....Narrowing of one or more
levels of the L spinal canal and compression of nerve roots. L1-2
most common
- S: symptoms may follow lifting accident or minor trauma or
gradually occur. pseudoclaudication causing radicular
complaints in calves, butt, upp thighs, weakness in legs and butt.
may improve by leaning forward. leg/back pain after sleeping
on back
,age 3 of 107
O: + romberg test, impaired proprioception, sensory changes,
decr anal sphincter tone
dx: x-ray, MRi
tx: b/b incontinence, neuro changes or gait disturbances may
need surgery. NSAIDs, Folic acid, B12, PT/OT, decr belly fat,
bicycling, lumbar epidural corticosteroid injection
Cauda Equina Syndrome .....Answer.....*medical emergency*
S: BLE weakness, anesthesia, or paresthesia of the perineum and
buttocks (saddle anesthesia). may or may not be B/B
incontinence or bladder retention (may not be reversed). S/S
may be acute or insidious. stumbling, weak quads or hip
extensors, unable to walk on heels and toes, foot drop.
dx:MRI
, age 4 of 107
management: surgical lumbar decompression
s/s and management of sprains .....Answer.....- usually have
swelling, pain and disability (or deformity)
-1st: stretching of ligamentous fibers- symptom Tx
-2nd: tear of part of the ligament, with pain and swelling-
Immobilization to protect injured part, but full healing expected
-3rd: complete ligamentous separation- immobilization; possible
surgery
- Hx of sudden injury or fall
-redness/bruising over the joint, decr A&P ROM,pain with
movement of joint
NR 511 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND
NEW VERSION>
cervical Spondylosis .....Answer.....- Chronic, degenerative, causes
stiffness and pain, very common >50yo
- S: neck stiffness, mild aching esp with activity, trouble turning
neck from side to side, limited ROM, Paresthesias follow
dermatomes
O:weak shoulder abduction, bicep weakness (c6 involvement),
tricep weakness (C7 involvement), myelopathy s/s: leg
weakness, gait disturbances, balance problems, impaired fine
motor loss of bowel and bladder control
,age 2 of 107
dx: MRI
tx: if radiculopathy: cervical traction. physical therapy, NSAIDs,
oral steroid, steroid epidural injections, surgery (last)
edu: 75-90% of pts improve with conservative tx
Lumbar spinal stenosis .....Answer.....Narrowing of one or more
levels of the L spinal canal and compression of nerve roots. L1-2
most common
- S: symptoms may follow lifting accident or minor trauma or
gradually occur. pseudoclaudication causing radicular
complaints in calves, butt, upp thighs, weakness in legs and butt.
may improve by leaning forward. leg/back pain after sleeping
on back
,age 3 of 107
O: + romberg test, impaired proprioception, sensory changes,
decr anal sphincter tone
dx: x-ray, MRi
tx: b/b incontinence, neuro changes or gait disturbances may
need surgery. NSAIDs, Folic acid, B12, PT/OT, decr belly fat,
bicycling, lumbar epidural corticosteroid injection
Cauda Equina Syndrome .....Answer.....*medical emergency*
S: BLE weakness, anesthesia, or paresthesia of the perineum and
buttocks (saddle anesthesia). may or may not be B/B
incontinence or bladder retention (may not be reversed). S/S
may be acute or insidious. stumbling, weak quads or hip
extensors, unable to walk on heels and toes, foot drop.
dx:MRI
, age 4 of 107
management: surgical lumbar decompression
s/s and management of sprains .....Answer.....- usually have
swelling, pain and disability (or deformity)
-1st: stretching of ligamentous fibers- symptom Tx
-2nd: tear of part of the ligament, with pain and swelling-
Immobilization to protect injured part, but full healing expected
-3rd: complete ligamentous separation- immobilization; possible
surgery
- Hx of sudden injury or fall
-redness/bruising over the joint, decr A&P ROM,pain with
movement of joint
