Page 1 of 46
NR 566 MID-TERM LATEST 2025 PACKAGE DEAL|
DIFFERENT VERSIONS WITH COMPLETE ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A+| NR 566 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY FOR CARE OF THE FAMILY EXAMS
(BRAND NEW!!)
Glycemic Goal of T2DM .....ANSWER.....The general goal is to
keep A1C <7%, those with severe hypoglycemia limited life
expectancy, or advanced vascular complication goal may be
<8% A1C.
- Tight glycemic control may cause great risk in T2DM and is
more utilized in T1DM.
What type of drug are Sulfonylureas .....ANSWER.....1st
antidiabetic drugs
Work by promoting insulin release (in T2DM)
,Page 2 of 46
1st Gen vs. 2nd Gen Sulfonylureas .....ANSWER.....2nd
generation is much more potent, and doses are much lower.
- Making significant drug-drug interactions less common
Mechanism of Action: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP4I)
.....ANSWER.....(Gliptins) Work by inhibiting the DPP4 enzyme,
which results in the prolonged activity of incretin hormone.
- Incretins help increase insulin release in response to meals and
decrease hepatic glucose production without directly releasing
insulin.
Incretins .....ANSWER.....a group of hormones produced by the
gastrointestinal system that stimulate the release of insulin from
the pancreas and help preserve the beta cells
What type of drug is a good add on to metformin in the
treatment of T2DM? .....ANSWER.....DPP4I: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-
4 Inhibitors (Gliptins
,Page 3 of 46
Mechanism of Action: GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
.....ANSWER.....Glucagon-like Peptide- 1 Receptor Agonist,
incretin mimetics, work by augmenting the effects of the incretin
hormone GLP-1
- slowing gastric emptying, stimulating glucose-dependent
release of insulin, inhibiting postprandial release of glucagon,
and suppressing appetite.
Monitoring for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists .....ANSWER.....BMP &
renal function
HgbA1C
Side Effects & Wt loss
Incretin Mimetics .....ANSWER.....Activate receptors for GLp-1 and
thereby cause the same effects as endogenous incretins,
(GLP-1 Receptor Agonists)
, Page 4 of 46
Incretin Mimetics in Pregnancy .....ANSWER.....Used with caution,
benefits must clearly outweigh the risks. Can cause major
congenital anomalies.
Meglitinides vs sulfonylureas .....ANSWER.....-meglitinides are
rapid acting and will have its effect on a single meal-decreasing
post prandial hyperglycemia
-sulfonylureas continuously stimulate insulin release- having most
of its effect on fasting glucose levels
Mechanism of Action: Metformin .....ANSWER.....1. inhibits glucose
production in the liver.
2. Slightly reduces glucose absorption.
3. Sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues (fat & skeletal
muscle), increasing glucose uptake by insulin.
NR 566 MID-TERM LATEST 2025 PACKAGE DEAL|
DIFFERENT VERSIONS WITH COMPLETE ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A+| NR 566 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY FOR CARE OF THE FAMILY EXAMS
(BRAND NEW!!)
Glycemic Goal of T2DM .....ANSWER.....The general goal is to
keep A1C <7%, those with severe hypoglycemia limited life
expectancy, or advanced vascular complication goal may be
<8% A1C.
- Tight glycemic control may cause great risk in T2DM and is
more utilized in T1DM.
What type of drug are Sulfonylureas .....ANSWER.....1st
antidiabetic drugs
Work by promoting insulin release (in T2DM)
,Page 2 of 46
1st Gen vs. 2nd Gen Sulfonylureas .....ANSWER.....2nd
generation is much more potent, and doses are much lower.
- Making significant drug-drug interactions less common
Mechanism of Action: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors (DPP4I)
.....ANSWER.....(Gliptins) Work by inhibiting the DPP4 enzyme,
which results in the prolonged activity of incretin hormone.
- Incretins help increase insulin release in response to meals and
decrease hepatic glucose production without directly releasing
insulin.
Incretins .....ANSWER.....a group of hormones produced by the
gastrointestinal system that stimulate the release of insulin from
the pancreas and help preserve the beta cells
What type of drug is a good add on to metformin in the
treatment of T2DM? .....ANSWER.....DPP4I: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-
4 Inhibitors (Gliptins
,Page 3 of 46
Mechanism of Action: GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
.....ANSWER.....Glucagon-like Peptide- 1 Receptor Agonist,
incretin mimetics, work by augmenting the effects of the incretin
hormone GLP-1
- slowing gastric emptying, stimulating glucose-dependent
release of insulin, inhibiting postprandial release of glucagon,
and suppressing appetite.
Monitoring for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists .....ANSWER.....BMP &
renal function
HgbA1C
Side Effects & Wt loss
Incretin Mimetics .....ANSWER.....Activate receptors for GLp-1 and
thereby cause the same effects as endogenous incretins,
(GLP-1 Receptor Agonists)
, Page 4 of 46
Incretin Mimetics in Pregnancy .....ANSWER.....Used with caution,
benefits must clearly outweigh the risks. Can cause major
congenital anomalies.
Meglitinides vs sulfonylureas .....ANSWER.....-meglitinides are
rapid acting and will have its effect on a single meal-decreasing
post prandial hyperglycemia
-sulfonylureas continuously stimulate insulin release- having most
of its effect on fasting glucose levels
Mechanism of Action: Metformin .....ANSWER.....1. inhibits glucose
production in the liver.
2. Slightly reduces glucose absorption.
3. Sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues (fat & skeletal
muscle), increasing glucose uptake by insulin.
