age 1 of 138
NSG 430 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED
lower extremity immobilization .......Answer.........-After the
application of a lower extremity cast or dressing, the extremity
should be elevated on pillows above heart level for the first 24
hours.
-After the initial phase, a casted extremity should not be placed
in a dependent position because of the possibility of excessive
edema.
-After cast application, observe for signs of compartment
syndrome and increased pressure, especially in the heel, anterior
tibia, head of fibula, and malleoli.
,age 2 of 138
-This increased pressure is manifested by pain or burning in
these areas.
-Prefabricated knee and ankle splints and immobilizers are used
in many settings.
-This type of immobilization is easy to apply and remove, which
permits close observation of the affected joint for signs of
swelling and skin breakdown.
-Depending on the injury, removal of the splint or immobilizer
facilitates ROM of the affected joint and faster return to
function.
external fixation .......Answer.........-An external fixator is a
metallic device composed of metal pins that are inserted into the
bone and attached to external rods to stabilize the fracture
while it heals.
,age 3 of 138
-The external fixator is attached directly to the bones by
percutaneous transfixing pins or wires.
-It can be used to apply traction or to compress fracture
fragments and immobilize reduced fragments when the use of a
cast or other traction is not appropriate.
-The external device holds fracture fragments in place similar to
a surgically implanted internal device.
-External fixation is often used in an attempt to salvage
extremities that otherwise might require amputation.
-Because the use of an external device is a long-term process,
ongoing assessment for pin loosening and infection is critical.
-Infection (indicated by exudate, erythema, tenderness, and
pain) may require removal of the device.
, age 4 of 138
-Pus oozing out of the hole, redness, swelling, elevated
temperature, and elevated WBC indicates infection
-Instruct the patient and caregiver about meticulous pin care.
-Although each physician has a protocol for pin care cleaning,
chlorhexidine 2mg/ml is often used.
-Water and peroxide is used for pin site care
internal fixation .......Answer.........-Internal fixation devices (pins,
plates, intramedullary rods, and metal and bioabsorbable
screws) are surgically inserted to realign and maintain position
of bony fragments.
-These metal devices are biologically inert and made from
stainless steel, vitallium, or titanium.
NSG 430 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED
lower extremity immobilization .......Answer.........-After the
application of a lower extremity cast or dressing, the extremity
should be elevated on pillows above heart level for the first 24
hours.
-After the initial phase, a casted extremity should not be placed
in a dependent position because of the possibility of excessive
edema.
-After cast application, observe for signs of compartment
syndrome and increased pressure, especially in the heel, anterior
tibia, head of fibula, and malleoli.
,age 2 of 138
-This increased pressure is manifested by pain or burning in
these areas.
-Prefabricated knee and ankle splints and immobilizers are used
in many settings.
-This type of immobilization is easy to apply and remove, which
permits close observation of the affected joint for signs of
swelling and skin breakdown.
-Depending on the injury, removal of the splint or immobilizer
facilitates ROM of the affected joint and faster return to
function.
external fixation .......Answer.........-An external fixator is a
metallic device composed of metal pins that are inserted into the
bone and attached to external rods to stabilize the fracture
while it heals.
,age 3 of 138
-The external fixator is attached directly to the bones by
percutaneous transfixing pins or wires.
-It can be used to apply traction or to compress fracture
fragments and immobilize reduced fragments when the use of a
cast or other traction is not appropriate.
-The external device holds fracture fragments in place similar to
a surgically implanted internal device.
-External fixation is often used in an attempt to salvage
extremities that otherwise might require amputation.
-Because the use of an external device is a long-term process,
ongoing assessment for pin loosening and infection is critical.
-Infection (indicated by exudate, erythema, tenderness, and
pain) may require removal of the device.
, age 4 of 138
-Pus oozing out of the hole, redness, swelling, elevated
temperature, and elevated WBC indicates infection
-Instruct the patient and caregiver about meticulous pin care.
-Although each physician has a protocol for pin care cleaning,
chlorhexidine 2mg/ml is often used.
-Water and peroxide is used for pin site care
internal fixation .......Answer.........-Internal fixation devices (pins,
plates, intramedullary rods, and metal and bioabsorbable
screws) are surgically inserted to realign and maintain position
of bony fragments.
-These metal devices are biologically inert and made from
stainless steel, vitallium, or titanium.
