age 1 of 63
NSG 521 (ALL MODULES 1-3) FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND NEW VERSION>
Who are some individuals that are at risk for HYPERvolemia?
.......Answer.........Those receiving IV Fluids
Renal Failure Pts
CHF patients
Blood transfusion patients-(transfusion associated circulatory
overload)
What adventitious lung sounds will be heard if a patient is
suffering from FVE-(fluid volume excess)?
.......Answer.........Crackles
,age 2 of 63
What effect will FVE have on lab values such as Hemoglobin
and Hematocrit? .......Answer.........Values will decrease
A patient with CHF is suffering from FVE. What type of
medication will be prescribed to help reduce preload?
.......Answer.........A diuretic- (such as Furosemide/Lasix---- watch
for HYPOkalemia)
What are the S/S of HYPERvolemia? .......Answer.........JVD
Crackles
Pulmonary Edema
transfusion associated circulatory overload
Who are some individuals that are at risk for HYPOvolemia?
.......Answer.........Dementia Patients
,age 3 of 63
Stroke Patients
Very young
Blood loss patients
Vomiting/Diarrhea Patients-(will have low potassium)
What type of electrolyte imbalance may a patient with an NG
tube suffer from if gastric contents were aspirated excessivlely?
.......Answer.........HYPOkalemia
A patient in a nursing home has late stage dementia and has not
been adequately drinking. The patient is suffering from
dehydration. What would you as the nurse expect to see on the
lab work when you assess the patient's electrolyte values?
.......Answer.........Elevated Sodium-- (sodium loves water)
*Aldosterone*
, age 4 of 63
Elevated Potassium-(the kidney rid the potassium in urine)
What electrolyte imbalance?
Tall tinted T wave .......Answer.........HYPERkalemia
What electrolyte imbalance?
Prominent "U" wave / flattened or inverted "T" wave
.......Answer.........HYPOkalemia
What manifestations are most prominent for a patient suffering
from HYPERnatremia? .......Answer.........Mental Function Changes
Trousseau's sign
Explain the procedure .......Answer.........Carpal spasm caused by
inflating a blood pressure cuff above the client's systolic
pressure and leaving it in place for 3 minutes.
NSG 521 (ALL MODULES 1-3) FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND NEW VERSION>
Who are some individuals that are at risk for HYPERvolemia?
.......Answer.........Those receiving IV Fluids
Renal Failure Pts
CHF patients
Blood transfusion patients-(transfusion associated circulatory
overload)
What adventitious lung sounds will be heard if a patient is
suffering from FVE-(fluid volume excess)?
.......Answer.........Crackles
,age 2 of 63
What effect will FVE have on lab values such as Hemoglobin
and Hematocrit? .......Answer.........Values will decrease
A patient with CHF is suffering from FVE. What type of
medication will be prescribed to help reduce preload?
.......Answer.........A diuretic- (such as Furosemide/Lasix---- watch
for HYPOkalemia)
What are the S/S of HYPERvolemia? .......Answer.........JVD
Crackles
Pulmonary Edema
transfusion associated circulatory overload
Who are some individuals that are at risk for HYPOvolemia?
.......Answer.........Dementia Patients
,age 3 of 63
Stroke Patients
Very young
Blood loss patients
Vomiting/Diarrhea Patients-(will have low potassium)
What type of electrolyte imbalance may a patient with an NG
tube suffer from if gastric contents were aspirated excessivlely?
.......Answer.........HYPOkalemia
A patient in a nursing home has late stage dementia and has not
been adequately drinking. The patient is suffering from
dehydration. What would you as the nurse expect to see on the
lab work when you assess the patient's electrolyte values?
.......Answer.........Elevated Sodium-- (sodium loves water)
*Aldosterone*
, age 4 of 63
Elevated Potassium-(the kidney rid the potassium in urine)
What electrolyte imbalance?
Tall tinted T wave .......Answer.........HYPERkalemia
What electrolyte imbalance?
Prominent "U" wave / flattened or inverted "T" wave
.......Answer.........HYPOkalemia
What manifestations are most prominent for a patient suffering
from HYPERnatremia? .......Answer.........Mental Function Changes
Trousseau's sign
Explain the procedure .......Answer.........Carpal spasm caused by
inflating a blood pressure cuff above the client's systolic
pressure and leaving it in place for 3 minutes.
