Page 1 of 29
NSG 5003 FINAL EXAM.LATEST UPDATE
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as
caspase-mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be
useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases?
.....ANSWER.....Autoimmune and malignant disorders
Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of
cells? .....ANSWER.....The resting plasma membrane is more
permeable to potassium
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia
causes cells to .....ANSWER.....swell because of the influx of
sodium chloride
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression
of which diseases .....ANSWER.....Cardiovascular diseases such as
hypertension and ischemic heart disease
,Page 2 of 29
Free Radicals cause cell damage by: .....ANSWER.....Giving up an
electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell
membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria? .....ANSWER.....Influx of calcium ions halts ATP
production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during
chemical injury? .....ANSWER.....Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus
and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis.
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of
apoptosis? .....ANSWER.....Programmed cell death of scattered,
single cells
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic
pressure occurs within the cell because .....ANSWER.....Sodium
chloride enters the cell
, Page 3 of 29
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion?
.....ANSWER.....Hemoconcentration occurs because of the loss of
salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling
because .....ANSWER.....ATP is insufficient to maintain the pump
that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages
cell membranes by uncontrolled enzyme activation?
.....ANSWER.....Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium from the
cell.
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
.....ANSWER.....Hypoxic injury
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move
into the cell because .....ANSWER.....The pump that transports
sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in
ATP levels.
NSG 5003 FINAL EXAM.LATEST UPDATE
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as
caspase-mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be
useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases?
.....ANSWER.....Autoimmune and malignant disorders
Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of
cells? .....ANSWER.....The resting plasma membrane is more
permeable to potassium
The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia
causes cells to .....ANSWER.....swell because of the influx of
sodium chloride
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression
of which diseases .....ANSWER.....Cardiovascular diseases such as
hypertension and ischemic heart disease
,Page 2 of 29
Free Radicals cause cell damage by: .....ANSWER.....Giving up an
electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell
membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria? .....ANSWER.....Influx of calcium ions halts ATP
production.
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during
chemical injury? .....ANSWER.....Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus
and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis.
Which statement is a description of the characteristics of
apoptosis? .....ANSWER.....Programmed cell death of scattered,
single cells
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic
pressure occurs within the cell because .....ANSWER.....Sodium
chloride enters the cell
, Page 3 of 29
What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion?
.....ANSWER.....Hemoconcentration occurs because of the loss of
salt and water.
In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling
because .....ANSWER.....ATP is insufficient to maintain the pump
that keeps sodium out of the cell.
What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages
cell membranes by uncontrolled enzyme activation?
.....ANSWER.....Depletion of ATP normally pumps calcium from the
cell.
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
.....ANSWER.....Hypoxic injury
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move
into the cell because .....ANSWER.....The pump that transports
sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in
ATP levels.
