NTR 555 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2 Compartment Model - (ANSWER)A method of estimated body composition using fat mass and fat free
mass
3 Component Model - (ANSWER)Accounts for individual differences in hydration by including fat mass
but partitioning fat-free mass into Total Body water and Fat-free dry mass
4 Component Model - (ANSWER)With the development of techniques for measuring bone mineral, fat-
free dry mass is further partitioned into bone mineral content and the residual.
Underwater Weighing - (ANSWER)A method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a
standard scale and then weighing him or her again submerged in water. The difference between the two
weights is used to estimate total body volume. Body fat is less dense than water, therefore the person
with more fat will be more buoyant and weigh less underwater
BodPod - (ANSWER)A device used to measure the density of the body based on the volume of air
displaced as a person sits in a sealed chamber of known volume.
Bioelectric Impedance - (ANSWER)A procedure for assessing body composition in which an electrical
current is passed through the body. The resistance to current flow through the tissues reflects the
relative amount of fat present (adipose tissue has high resistance, while muscle has low resistance)
Skin Fold Measurement - (ANSWER)assessment of body composition that measures subcutaneous body
fat in order to estimate the total amount of body fat. It measures thickness of a fold with calipers at
different sites to estimate % body fat.
Doubly Labeled Water - (ANSWER)A form of indirect calorimetry that measures total daily energy
expenditure through the rate of carbon dioxide production. It requires the consumption of water that is
labeled with nonradioactive isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. O2 is lost in water and breath while C is
lost only in water. Therefore, the difference between the two measurements is the carbon dioxide
production rate.
3-methylhistidine - (ANSWER)-somatic Protein Assessment
, NTR 555 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
-AA found in Actin and myosin of muscle
-excreted in urine with protein breakdown
-test relies on accurate urine collection for 24 hours
-specific limitations: rarely used
Used in calorimetry to estimate the amount of energy used during the measurement period.
Bariatric Surgery - (ANSWER)surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished by stapling the
stomach to create a small stomach pouch or bypassing the stomach through gastric bypass surgery
Physical Fitness - (ANSWER)the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough reserve energy to
respond to unexpected demands
mTOR Pathway - (ANSWER)a cellular pathway involving the regulation of growth and metabolism that
has been proposed as a key aspect of longevity
mTOR - (ANSWER)enzyme that controls the rate of protein synthesis within the myofibrils after
resistance training
Telomers - (ANSWER)nongenetic material at the end of chromosomes protect against gene loss.
Harris-Benedict Equation - (ANSWER)estimates resting energy needs, considers height, weight, age, and
gender
Sarcopenia - (ANSWER)the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging. Also
known as muscle atrophy
Inflammatory Markers - (ANSWER)CRP and ESR:
CRP is produced in the liver and its level is measured by testing the blood. CRP is classified as an acute
phase reactant, which means that its levels will rise in response to inflammation.
2 Compartment Model - (ANSWER)A method of estimated body composition using fat mass and fat free
mass
3 Component Model - (ANSWER)Accounts for individual differences in hydration by including fat mass
but partitioning fat-free mass into Total Body water and Fat-free dry mass
4 Component Model - (ANSWER)With the development of techniques for measuring bone mineral, fat-
free dry mass is further partitioned into bone mineral content and the residual.
Underwater Weighing - (ANSWER)A method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a
standard scale and then weighing him or her again submerged in water. The difference between the two
weights is used to estimate total body volume. Body fat is less dense than water, therefore the person
with more fat will be more buoyant and weigh less underwater
BodPod - (ANSWER)A device used to measure the density of the body based on the volume of air
displaced as a person sits in a sealed chamber of known volume.
Bioelectric Impedance - (ANSWER)A procedure for assessing body composition in which an electrical
current is passed through the body. The resistance to current flow through the tissues reflects the
relative amount of fat present (adipose tissue has high resistance, while muscle has low resistance)
Skin Fold Measurement - (ANSWER)assessment of body composition that measures subcutaneous body
fat in order to estimate the total amount of body fat. It measures thickness of a fold with calipers at
different sites to estimate % body fat.
Doubly Labeled Water - (ANSWER)A form of indirect calorimetry that measures total daily energy
expenditure through the rate of carbon dioxide production. It requires the consumption of water that is
labeled with nonradioactive isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. O2 is lost in water and breath while C is
lost only in water. Therefore, the difference between the two measurements is the carbon dioxide
production rate.
3-methylhistidine - (ANSWER)-somatic Protein Assessment
, NTR 555 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
-AA found in Actin and myosin of muscle
-excreted in urine with protein breakdown
-test relies on accurate urine collection for 24 hours
-specific limitations: rarely used
Used in calorimetry to estimate the amount of energy used during the measurement period.
Bariatric Surgery - (ANSWER)surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished by stapling the
stomach to create a small stomach pouch or bypassing the stomach through gastric bypass surgery
Physical Fitness - (ANSWER)the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough reserve energy to
respond to unexpected demands
mTOR Pathway - (ANSWER)a cellular pathway involving the regulation of growth and metabolism that
has been proposed as a key aspect of longevity
mTOR - (ANSWER)enzyme that controls the rate of protein synthesis within the myofibrils after
resistance training
Telomers - (ANSWER)nongenetic material at the end of chromosomes protect against gene loss.
Harris-Benedict Equation - (ANSWER)estimates resting energy needs, considers height, weight, age, and
gender
Sarcopenia - (ANSWER)the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging. Also
known as muscle atrophy
Inflammatory Markers - (ANSWER)CRP and ESR:
CRP is produced in the liver and its level is measured by testing the blood. CRP is classified as an acute
phase reactant, which means that its levels will rise in response to inflammation.
