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acid -CORRECT ANSWER A substance with a pH less than 7, that donates a hydrogen
ion when dissolved in water.
base -CORRECT ANSWER A substance with a pH of 8 or greater, that accepts
protons.
buffer -CORRECT ANSWER A solution that maintains its pH properties when a strong
acid or strange base is added.
pH -CORRECT ANSWER It is the measure of acidity or basicity of a solutions.
energy -CORRECT ANSWER The ability or capacity to do work.
entropy -CORRECT ANSWER The measure of disorder that is present in a system.
diffusion -CORRECT ANSWER When particles spread out to evenly fill a space.
First Law of Thermodynamics -CORRECT ANSWER States that energy can be
converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.
osmosis -CORRECT ANSWER Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable
membrane, from an area of low solute concentration, to an area of higher solute
concentration.
solution -CORRECT ANSWER A homogeneous mixture that is made up of a solute
dissolved in a solvent.
semipermeable membrane -CORRECT ANSWER A membrane that allows certain
particles to pass through, but not others.
Second Law of Thermodynamics -CORRECT ANSWER While the amount of energy in
closed system remains constant, the entropy increases as some energy is converted
into an unusable form.
solute -CORRECT ANSWER A substance that is dissolved into a solvent to form a
solute.
, solvent -CORRECT ANSWER A solid, liquid, or gas that can dissolve particles to form a
solution.
exothermic -CORRECT ANSWER A reaction that releases energy, in the form of heat.
endothermic -CORRECT ANSWER 1)Known as "warm blooded", animals that generate
heat internally, and maintain a constant body temperature. 2) A reaction that absorbs
energy, in the form of heat.
catalyst -CORRECT ANSWER It helps a reaction to proceed, but the catalyst itself is
not changed.
colloid -CORRECT ANSWER A mixture in which one substance made up of very small
particles in the dispersed phase is evenly dispersed throughout the continuous phase.
activation energy -CORRECT ANSWER The minimum amount of energy that is
required to start a chemical reaction.
Heredity -CORRECT ANSWER The transmission of traits and characteristics from
parents to their offspring.
allele -CORRECT ANSWER Multiple forms of the same gene, that occupy the same
locus, but have unique characteristics.
epiallele -CORRECT ANSWER Any of two or more genetically identical alleles that are
epigenetically distinct due to DNA methylation.
locus -CORRECT ANSWER Identifies a specific location of a gene, or allele, on a
chromosome.
first filial generation -CORRECT ANSWER Known as the F1 generation, it is the first
generation of offspring from a specific cross of parents.
second filial generation -CORRECT ANSWER Offspring created by crossing two
members of the F1 generation.
genotype -CORRECT ANSWER The genetic composition of alleles concerned with a
specific trait.
phenotype -CORRECT ANSWER A physical trait or characteristic that is determined by
the genotype.
dominant trait -CORRECT ANSWER Requires the presence of only one gene, inherited
from one parent, to manifest itself.