US History B FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
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Alger Hiss Case .......Answer.........a court case involving Alger
Hiss, a US state Department official accused of passing secrets
to the Soviet Union, that contributed to a growing fear of
subversion during the early Cold War; in 1950 a federal grand
jury convicted Hiss of perjury, but his guilt in regard to
espionage was not proven.
Rosenberg Trial .......Answer.........the controversial 1951 trial of
two Americans, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, charged with passing
atomic secrets to the Soviet Union; the two were sentenced to
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death and executed in 1953, making them the only American
civilians to be put to death for spying during the Cold War.
McCarthyism .......Answer.........the practice of publicly accusing
people of subversive activities without evidence to back up the
charges; named for Senator Joseph McCarthy, who began such
a practice in the early 1950s as part of the search for
communists in the United States during the early Cold War.
subversion .......Answer.........a plot or an action intended to
overthrow a government
censure .......Answer.........to formally scold
civil defense .......Answer.........the organization and training of
citizens to work with the armed forces and emergency services
during a war or natural disaster.
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How did the anxieties raised by the Cold War affect life in the
US? .......Answer.........communist sympathizers, subversion, House
Un-American Activities Committee (hollywood), Alger Hiss Case
(perjury), Rosenberg Trial, McCarthyism, civil defense (Federal
Civil Defense Administration).
Red Scare .......Answer.........a time of fear of socialists,
communists, and especially anarchists. People violated other civil
liberties out of discrimination.
Palmer Raids .......Answer.........Attorney General Mitchell Palmer's
unauthorized raids of various meeting places of subversives to
find any evidence of violent activity
American Civil Liberties Union .......Answer.........an organization
founded in 1920 to defend Americans' Rights and Freedoms as
given in the constitution
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Anti-Defamation League .......Answer.........founded in 1913 to
halt the defamation of the Jewish people and to ensure the fair
treatment of all Americans
What actions did Kennedy announce to the US after the gov't
discovered missiles in Cuba .......Answer.........a Quarantine of
Cuba
How did the Cuban Missiles Crisis end? .......Answer.........The
Soviets withdrew the missiles from Cuba, the US also removed
missiles from Turkey and agreed not to invade Cuba again
Detente .......Answer.........A policy of reducing Cold War tensions
that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of
Richard Nixon.
Where was detente used? .......Answer.........Russia and China