1|Page
BS 161 EXAM 2 NEWEST WITH ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+/100%
GUARANTEED TO PASS CONCEPTS
electrochemical gradient - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
combination of concentration (chemical) and electrical
gradients for an ion
electrogenic - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ it generates a
charge difference across the membrane
how the proton pump generates an electrical gradient
across the membrane - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ uses
energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport H+ from lower to
higher concentration, net movement of positive charge
outside of the cell, inside becomes negative relative to
the outside
steps of the sodium potassium pump - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ 1. carrier membrane binds intracellular sodium
2. ATP phosphorylates protein with bound sodium
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3. phosphorylation causes shape change in protein,
reducing its affinity for Na+, the Na+ diffuses out
4. this shape has a high affinity for K+, extracellular
potassium binds to exposed sites
5. binding potassium causes dephosphorylation of
protein triggers change back to original shape w/ low
affinity for K+, K+ diffuses into the cell and the cycle
repeats
why the sodium potassium pump is electrogenic -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ for every 3 Na+ ions out only 2
K+ ions are transported in, bet movement of positive
movement out of the cell and inside is negative
symporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 2 solutes transported
in the same direction (co-transport)
antiporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 2 solutes transported
in opposite directions
uniporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 1 solute transported
sucrose H+ transporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ solute
moving into the cell by passive transport = H+; solute
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moving into the cell by active transport = sucrose; the
facilitated diffusion of H+ drives the active transport of
sucrose
Na+ glucose co-transporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
moving into the cell by passive transport= Na+; moving
into the cell by active transport= glucose; Na+ is
transported down gradient which releases energy
therefore driving the active transport of glucose
source of energy for Na+ K+ pump - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ concentration gradient
source of energy for glucose in the Na+ glucose co-
transporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Na+ electrochemical
gradient
type of transporter of Na+ glucose - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ symporter
type of transporter of sucrose H+ - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ symporter
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type of transporter of Na+ K+ pump - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ antiporter
type of transporter of proton pump - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ uniporter
energy - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ the capacity to do work
catabolic pathway - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ breaks down
complex molecules into simpler compounds; releases
energy; ex: respiration
anabolic pathway - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ builds
complicated molecules from simpler ones; consumes
energy; ex: photosynthesis
metabolism - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ sum total of
biochemical reactions required for life
metabolic pathway - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ a linked
series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell
BS 161 EXAM 2 NEWEST WITH ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+/100%
GUARANTEED TO PASS CONCEPTS
electrochemical gradient - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
combination of concentration (chemical) and electrical
gradients for an ion
electrogenic - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ it generates a
charge difference across the membrane
how the proton pump generates an electrical gradient
across the membrane - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ uses
energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport H+ from lower to
higher concentration, net movement of positive charge
outside of the cell, inside becomes negative relative to
the outside
steps of the sodium potassium pump - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ 1. carrier membrane binds intracellular sodium
2. ATP phosphorylates protein with bound sodium
,2|Page
3. phosphorylation causes shape change in protein,
reducing its affinity for Na+, the Na+ diffuses out
4. this shape has a high affinity for K+, extracellular
potassium binds to exposed sites
5. binding potassium causes dephosphorylation of
protein triggers change back to original shape w/ low
affinity for K+, K+ diffuses into the cell and the cycle
repeats
why the sodium potassium pump is electrogenic -
....ANSWER ....✔✔ for every 3 Na+ ions out only 2
K+ ions are transported in, bet movement of positive
movement out of the cell and inside is negative
symporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 2 solutes transported
in the same direction (co-transport)
antiporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 2 solutes transported
in opposite directions
uniporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ 1 solute transported
sucrose H+ transporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ solute
moving into the cell by passive transport = H+; solute
,3|Page
moving into the cell by active transport = sucrose; the
facilitated diffusion of H+ drives the active transport of
sucrose
Na+ glucose co-transporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔
moving into the cell by passive transport= Na+; moving
into the cell by active transport= glucose; Na+ is
transported down gradient which releases energy
therefore driving the active transport of glucose
source of energy for Na+ K+ pump - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ concentration gradient
source of energy for glucose in the Na+ glucose co-
transporter - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ Na+ electrochemical
gradient
type of transporter of Na+ glucose - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ symporter
type of transporter of sucrose H+ - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ symporter
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type of transporter of Na+ K+ pump - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ antiporter
type of transporter of proton pump - ....ANSWER
....✔✔ uniporter
energy - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ the capacity to do work
catabolic pathway - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ breaks down
complex molecules into simpler compounds; releases
energy; ex: respiration
anabolic pathway - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ builds
complicated molecules from simpler ones; consumes
energy; ex: photosynthesis
metabolism - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ sum total of
biochemical reactions required for life
metabolic pathway - ....ANSWER ....✔✔ a linked
series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell
