I.T.
Animation
Persistence of vision – human eye continues to see image for split second after it disappeared
Storyboard – plan or design key elements that will be in animation frame by frame
Frame rate – frequency or rate at which frames appear on screen
Looping – animation that repeats by going back to start as soon as it finishes
Claymation – clay figures photographed, moved and photographed again, repeated as each photograph forms
frame to play in sequence to produce animation
Onion skinning – previous frames visible beneath current frame to help animator create or plan movements on
next frame
Rotoscoping – images or film of live actors traced over to create “cartoon like” effect on animation
Tweening – animator creates start and end frames of animation and computer/software fills in frames in between
using tweening
Stop motion animation – models moved small amount each time between taking photographs, when frames
played back it appears model is moving
Key frame animation – getting computer to create in-between frames between key frames in animation
Increasing frame rate – animation details may blur if too fast
Decreasing frame rate – animation could appear to stop and start if too slow
Documents produced – script, storyboard
Payroll
Paying money electronically through computers used by businesses to pay employees
Small businesses – purchase off-the-shelf products
Medium businesses – payroll assistants that calculate weekly/monthly salaries for employees
Inputs – payroll number, name, address, date of birth
Outputs – management files, pay slips, statistical files, log files
Data capture – timesheets, swipe cards, biometric scanner
Batch processing – carried out automatically when computer system would not normally be used
Files used – master file, transaction file
In both files – payroll number, hours worked
In either file – rate of pay, overtime, job title, date of pay
Teleworking
A for company:
Smaller premises - employees working from home so not as much office space needed
Less energy – smaller offices so less energy, reduces cost and carbon footprint
Keep skilled worker from leaving – maternity or medical problem worked from home
Can work at any time – 24 hours a day around world
, D for company:
Keeping eye on progress – harder for managers to track progress
Meeting deadlines – journalists must have discipline to deliver deadline
Health and safety, insurance – not as easy as everyone in same place
Keeping up standards – scattered workforce so difficult to keep standards
A for employee:
Organise hours around family needs – possible to work around commitments
Work hours you want – take breaks when needed
Saves travelling time and costs – work longer and save money
Environmental benefits – reduce carbon footprint by not using fuel to travel
D for employee:
Hard to separate work from home life – separation difficult
Harder to be motivated – distractions at home
Work social life – limited relationship with colleagues
Career prospects – miss out on promotions in office
Networks
Collection of devices connected to one another to allow sharing of data
Intranet – private network within company only available to staff of organisation
Extranet – computer network allows businesses outside central company to access network
Hub – hardware device that connects multiple computers in network
Switches – component used within computer network
Routers – accept incoming data packets from connected LAN then work out which is best
Bridges – joins two networks together so looks like one large network
Gateways – converts data passing between dissimilar networks so each side can communicate to another
LAN – Local Area Network – group of computers and network devices connected together, in same building
WAN – Wide Area Network – connects several LANs and may be limited to enterprise or accessible to public
Ring Topology:
Peer to peer, no central server arranged in circle, data sent by computer around until correct computer
A – transmission of data fairly simple as only travels in one direction, no data collisions
D – if single machine off network doesn’t work, if cable breaks network doesn’t work, if problem with
network can be difficult to identify cause
Bus Topology:
All devices connected to network by common shared cable ‘backbone’, signals passed in either direction
A – easy to install, easy to add extra workstations, best choice for temporary networks
D – if problem with central cable entire network stops working, if lot of workstations data can travel
slowly
Star Topology:
Uses central connection to connect devices on network, can be server/hub/router/switch
A – very reliable so if one connection fails does not affect other users, very few data collisions as each
Animation
Persistence of vision – human eye continues to see image for split second after it disappeared
Storyboard – plan or design key elements that will be in animation frame by frame
Frame rate – frequency or rate at which frames appear on screen
Looping – animation that repeats by going back to start as soon as it finishes
Claymation – clay figures photographed, moved and photographed again, repeated as each photograph forms
frame to play in sequence to produce animation
Onion skinning – previous frames visible beneath current frame to help animator create or plan movements on
next frame
Rotoscoping – images or film of live actors traced over to create “cartoon like” effect on animation
Tweening – animator creates start and end frames of animation and computer/software fills in frames in between
using tweening
Stop motion animation – models moved small amount each time between taking photographs, when frames
played back it appears model is moving
Key frame animation – getting computer to create in-between frames between key frames in animation
Increasing frame rate – animation details may blur if too fast
Decreasing frame rate – animation could appear to stop and start if too slow
Documents produced – script, storyboard
Payroll
Paying money electronically through computers used by businesses to pay employees
Small businesses – purchase off-the-shelf products
Medium businesses – payroll assistants that calculate weekly/monthly salaries for employees
Inputs – payroll number, name, address, date of birth
Outputs – management files, pay slips, statistical files, log files
Data capture – timesheets, swipe cards, biometric scanner
Batch processing – carried out automatically when computer system would not normally be used
Files used – master file, transaction file
In both files – payroll number, hours worked
In either file – rate of pay, overtime, job title, date of pay
Teleworking
A for company:
Smaller premises - employees working from home so not as much office space needed
Less energy – smaller offices so less energy, reduces cost and carbon footprint
Keep skilled worker from leaving – maternity or medical problem worked from home
Can work at any time – 24 hours a day around world
, D for company:
Keeping eye on progress – harder for managers to track progress
Meeting deadlines – journalists must have discipline to deliver deadline
Health and safety, insurance – not as easy as everyone in same place
Keeping up standards – scattered workforce so difficult to keep standards
A for employee:
Organise hours around family needs – possible to work around commitments
Work hours you want – take breaks when needed
Saves travelling time and costs – work longer and save money
Environmental benefits – reduce carbon footprint by not using fuel to travel
D for employee:
Hard to separate work from home life – separation difficult
Harder to be motivated – distractions at home
Work social life – limited relationship with colleagues
Career prospects – miss out on promotions in office
Networks
Collection of devices connected to one another to allow sharing of data
Intranet – private network within company only available to staff of organisation
Extranet – computer network allows businesses outside central company to access network
Hub – hardware device that connects multiple computers in network
Switches – component used within computer network
Routers – accept incoming data packets from connected LAN then work out which is best
Bridges – joins two networks together so looks like one large network
Gateways – converts data passing between dissimilar networks so each side can communicate to another
LAN – Local Area Network – group of computers and network devices connected together, in same building
WAN – Wide Area Network – connects several LANs and may be limited to enterprise or accessible to public
Ring Topology:
Peer to peer, no central server arranged in circle, data sent by computer around until correct computer
A – transmission of data fairly simple as only travels in one direction, no data collisions
D – if single machine off network doesn’t work, if cable breaks network doesn’t work, if problem with
network can be difficult to identify cause
Bus Topology:
All devices connected to network by common shared cable ‘backbone’, signals passed in either direction
A – easy to install, easy to add extra workstations, best choice for temporary networks
D – if problem with central cable entire network stops working, if lot of workstations data can travel
slowly
Star Topology:
Uses central connection to connect devices on network, can be server/hub/router/switch
A – very reliable so if one connection fails does not affect other users, very few data collisions as each
