Stem cells and therapy
What are stem cells
Can both make more of itself and create other
1. Make itself: self-renewal (zelfvernieuwing); symmetric cell
division. Self-renewal cells are in mitosis but not all mitosis
events are symmetric in the fate of cells
2. Create other: differentiation; asymmetric cell division
differentiate into nerve cell, liver cell, blood cell
What make stem cell unique: 1) self-renews 2) maintains its own population
Types of stem cells:
1. Totipotent stem cells: can create everything needed to make a baby
a. Blastomers (zygote)
2. Pluripotent stem cells: can create almost all cells (e.g. make a baby but not
blastomere stage)
a. Inner cell mass (blastocyst)
3. Multipotent stem cells: can make a selected set of lineages and cells. There is
a selected set of adult stem cells (multipotent) in your body
a. Cord blood, adult stem cells
Bone marrow stem cells: adult multipotent stem cells
Stem cells from bone marrow form cell types of the immune and circulatory
system
Brain stem cells: adult multipotent stem cells
The brain is mostly post-mitotic (will not divide
anymore) although there are few places where
stem cells
Neural stem cells
- Multipotent (become neurons or glia (astrocyte
or oligodendrocytes)
- Unlimited cell division
- Self-renewing
Cells just adjacent (naast) to ventricles generate
stem cells
- Ventricular zone (VZ) (everything around
subventricular zone)
o Only active during prenatal development
- Subventricular zone (SVZ)
o Active throughout life (smell (for hunting and what not
to eat), learning & memory)
o Generate interneurons that migrate to the olfactory
bulb and into the hippocampus
4. Unipotent stem cells: can only make more of itself --
differentiation along one lineage
a. Skin cells from epidermis
What are stem cells
Can both make more of itself and create other
1. Make itself: self-renewal (zelfvernieuwing); symmetric cell
division. Self-renewal cells are in mitosis but not all mitosis
events are symmetric in the fate of cells
2. Create other: differentiation; asymmetric cell division
differentiate into nerve cell, liver cell, blood cell
What make stem cell unique: 1) self-renews 2) maintains its own population
Types of stem cells:
1. Totipotent stem cells: can create everything needed to make a baby
a. Blastomers (zygote)
2. Pluripotent stem cells: can create almost all cells (e.g. make a baby but not
blastomere stage)
a. Inner cell mass (blastocyst)
3. Multipotent stem cells: can make a selected set of lineages and cells. There is
a selected set of adult stem cells (multipotent) in your body
a. Cord blood, adult stem cells
Bone marrow stem cells: adult multipotent stem cells
Stem cells from bone marrow form cell types of the immune and circulatory
system
Brain stem cells: adult multipotent stem cells
The brain is mostly post-mitotic (will not divide
anymore) although there are few places where
stem cells
Neural stem cells
- Multipotent (become neurons or glia (astrocyte
or oligodendrocytes)
- Unlimited cell division
- Self-renewing
Cells just adjacent (naast) to ventricles generate
stem cells
- Ventricular zone (VZ) (everything around
subventricular zone)
o Only active during prenatal development
- Subventricular zone (SVZ)
o Active throughout life (smell (for hunting and what not
to eat), learning & memory)
o Generate interneurons that migrate to the olfactory
bulb and into the hippocampus
4. Unipotent stem cells: can only make more of itself --
differentiation along one lineage
a. Skin cells from epidermis
