Public Health and Pharmacoepidemiology
Exam ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The study of distribution and determinants of
disease frequency in human populations and the application of this study to control health
problems
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅How is disease distributed throughout the
population
Determinants - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Factors that cause some people to get disease or
factors that prevent some people from getting disease
Disease frequency - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅counting the number of cases of a disease in
a population over a specific time period
Human populations - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A group of people with common
characteristic
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A testable statement that tries to explain a set of
observations and can be tentatively rejected (or not) through scientific research
What is true of hypotheses? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅They are statements that project
the expected association between 2 or more measurable variables and carry clear implications
for testing stated relations
What is an example of a fundamental hypothesis? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Cigarette
smoking causes cancer
What is an example of an operational hypothesis? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅People who
smoke cigarettes have a higher incidence of lung cancer over a 10-year period than people
who do not smoke cigarettes
, Descriptive epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Identify and count cases of disease
in populations and conduct simple studies; to monitor public health/evaluate success of
intervention programs/generate hypothesis about cause of disease
Analytic epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Compare groups and systematically
determine if there is an association or not; to evaluate a hypothesis about causes of
disease/evaluate the success of intervention programs
What is the sequence of epidemiologic investigations? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Suspect
that exposure influences disease occurrence - form specific hypothesis about exposure-
disease association - conduct epidemiologic studies to measure relationship between exposure
and disease - judge whether association is valid, causal, and considering (accumulated
evidence, change, bias, confounding, positive and negative of study design) - evaluate
prevention and treatment - repeat
What part of the sequence of epidemiologic investigations is descriptive? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Suspect that exposure influences disease occurrence - form specific
hypothesis about exposure-disease association
What part of the sequence of epidemiologic investigations is analytic? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅conduct epidemiologic studies to measure relationship between exposure
and disease - judge whether association is valid, causal, and considering (accumulated
evidence, change, bias, confounding, positive and negative of study design) - evaluate
prevention and treatment
What is an example of PERSON for studies? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Mortality rate is
highest for Black, and lowest for Asian (Black > White > Hispanic > Asian)
What is an example of PLACE for studies? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Where are the rates
of death highest and lowest? Highest west/east coastal area, Lower in mid USA
What is an example of TIME for studies? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Obesity trend
increased significantly from 2005 to 2015
Exam ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅The study of distribution and determinants of
disease frequency in human populations and the application of this study to control health
problems
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅How is disease distributed throughout the
population
Determinants - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Factors that cause some people to get disease or
factors that prevent some people from getting disease
Disease frequency - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅counting the number of cases of a disease in
a population over a specific time period
Human populations - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A group of people with common
characteristic
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅A testable statement that tries to explain a set of
observations and can be tentatively rejected (or not) through scientific research
What is true of hypotheses? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅They are statements that project
the expected association between 2 or more measurable variables and carry clear implications
for testing stated relations
What is an example of a fundamental hypothesis? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Cigarette
smoking causes cancer
What is an example of an operational hypothesis? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅People who
smoke cigarettes have a higher incidence of lung cancer over a 10-year period than people
who do not smoke cigarettes
, Descriptive epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Identify and count cases of disease
in populations and conduct simple studies; to monitor public health/evaluate success of
intervention programs/generate hypothesis about cause of disease
Analytic epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Compare groups and systematically
determine if there is an association or not; to evaluate a hypothesis about causes of
disease/evaluate the success of intervention programs
What is the sequence of epidemiologic investigations? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Suspect
that exposure influences disease occurrence - form specific hypothesis about exposure-
disease association - conduct epidemiologic studies to measure relationship between exposure
and disease - judge whether association is valid, causal, and considering (accumulated
evidence, change, bias, confounding, positive and negative of study design) - evaluate
prevention and treatment - repeat
What part of the sequence of epidemiologic investigations is descriptive? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅Suspect that exposure influences disease occurrence - form specific
hypothesis about exposure-disease association
What part of the sequence of epidemiologic investigations is analytic? - CORRECT
ANSWERS✅✅conduct epidemiologic studies to measure relationship between exposure
and disease - judge whether association is valid, causal, and considering (accumulated
evidence, change, bias, confounding, positive and negative of study design) - evaluate
prevention and treatment
What is an example of PERSON for studies? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Mortality rate is
highest for Black, and lowest for Asian (Black > White > Hispanic > Asian)
What is an example of PLACE for studies? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Where are the rates
of death highest and lowest? Highest west/east coastal area, Lower in mid USA
What is an example of TIME for studies? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Obesity trend
increased significantly from 2005 to 2015
