Lewis Medical Surgical --Chapter 53
Diabetes Questions And Verified
Answers
\.Which information provided by a nurse to a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is
Accurate?
a. Insulin is not used to control glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.
b. Complications of type 2 diabetes are less serious than those of type 1 diabetes.
c. Changes in diet and exercise may control glucose levels with type 2 diabetes.
d. Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed when a patient is admitted in hyperglycemic
coma. - Answer-✔ANS: C
For some patients with type 2 diabetes, changes in lifestyle are sufficient to achieve glucose
control. Insulin is frequently used for type 2 diabetes, complications are equally serious as for
type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed with routine laboratory testing or
after a patient develops complications such as frequent infections.
\.A patient screened for diabetes at a clinic has a fasting plasma glucose level of 120 mg/dL
(6.7 mmol/L). Which information will the nurse plan to teach the patient?
a. Self-monitoring of glucose
b. Using small doses of regular insulin
c. Lifestyle changes to lower the glucose
d. Effects of oral hypoglycemic medications - Answer-✔ANS: C
The patient's impaired fasting glucose indicates prediabetes, and the patient would be
,counseled about lifestyle changes to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. The patient
with prediabetes does not require insulin or oral hypoglycemics for glucose control and does
not need to self-monitor glucose.
\.A 28-yr-old male patient with type 1 diabetes reports how he manages his exercise and
glucose control. Which behavior indicates a need for the nurse to implement additional
teaching?
a. The patient always carries hard candies when engaging in exercise.
b. The patient goes for a vigorous walk when his glucose is 200 mg/dL.
c. The patient has a peanut butter sandwich before going for a bicycle ride.
d. The patient increases daily exercise when ketones are present in the urine. - Answer-✔ANS: D
When the patient is ketotic, exercise increase the glucose level; persons with type 1 diabetes
should be taught to avoid exercise when ketosis is present. Other recommendations include
(1) before exercise, if glucose 100 mg/dL, eat a 15-g carbohydrate snack. After 15 to 30 min,
recheck glucose levels. (2) Delay exercise if <100 mg/dL. Patients using drugs that place them
at risk for hypoglycemia should always carry a fast-acting source of carbohydrate, such as
glucose tablets or hard candies, when exercising. (3) Before exercise, if glucose 250 mg/dL
in a person with type 1 DM and ketones are present, delay vigorous activity until ketones are
gone. Drink fluids.
\.The nurse is assessing a 22-yr-old patient experiencing the onset of symptoms of type 1
diabetes. Which finding would the nurse anticipate?
a. Anorexia
b. Weight loss
c. Dark colored urine
d. Craving sugary drinks. - Answer-✔ANS: B
, Weight loss occurs because the body is no longer able to absorb glucose and starts to break
down protein and fat for energy. The patient is thirsty but does not necessarily crave
sugar-containing fluids. Increased appetite is a classic symptom of type 1 diabetes. With the
classic symptom of polyuria, urine will be very dilute.
\.A patient with type 2 diabetes is scheduled for a follow-up visit in the clinic several months
from now. Which test will the nurse schedule to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for the
Patient?
a. Fasting blood glucose
b. Glycosylated hemoglobin
c. Oral glucose tolerance test
d. Urine dipstick for glucose and ketones - Answer-✔ANS: B
The glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) test shows the overall control of glucose over 90 to 120
days. A fasting level indicates only the glucose level at one time. Urine glucose testing is not
an accurate reflection of glucose level and does not reflect the glucose over a prolonged time.
Oral glucose tolerance testing is done to diagnose diabetes but is not used for monitoring
glucose control after diabetes has been diagnosed.
\.The nurse is assessing a 55-yr-old female patient with type 2 diabetes who has a body mass
index (BMI) of 32 kg/m2. Which goal in the plan of care is most important for this patient?
a. The patient will reach a glycosylated hemoglobin level of less than 7%.
b. The patient will follow a diet and exercise plan that results in weight loss.
c. The patient will choose a diet that distributes calories throughout the day.
d. The patient will state the reasons for eliminating simple sugars in the diet. - Answer-✔ANS: A
The complications of diabetes are related to elevated glucose and the most important patient
outcome is the reduction of glucose to near-normal levels. A BMI of 30.9/kg/m2 or above is
Diabetes Questions And Verified
Answers
\.Which information provided by a nurse to a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is
Accurate?
a. Insulin is not used to control glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.
b. Complications of type 2 diabetes are less serious than those of type 1 diabetes.
c. Changes in diet and exercise may control glucose levels with type 2 diabetes.
d. Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed when a patient is admitted in hyperglycemic
coma. - Answer-✔ANS: C
For some patients with type 2 diabetes, changes in lifestyle are sufficient to achieve glucose
control. Insulin is frequently used for type 2 diabetes, complications are equally serious as for
type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed with routine laboratory testing or
after a patient develops complications such as frequent infections.
\.A patient screened for diabetes at a clinic has a fasting plasma glucose level of 120 mg/dL
(6.7 mmol/L). Which information will the nurse plan to teach the patient?
a. Self-monitoring of glucose
b. Using small doses of regular insulin
c. Lifestyle changes to lower the glucose
d. Effects of oral hypoglycemic medications - Answer-✔ANS: C
The patient's impaired fasting glucose indicates prediabetes, and the patient would be
,counseled about lifestyle changes to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. The patient
with prediabetes does not require insulin or oral hypoglycemics for glucose control and does
not need to self-monitor glucose.
\.A 28-yr-old male patient with type 1 diabetes reports how he manages his exercise and
glucose control. Which behavior indicates a need for the nurse to implement additional
teaching?
a. The patient always carries hard candies when engaging in exercise.
b. The patient goes for a vigorous walk when his glucose is 200 mg/dL.
c. The patient has a peanut butter sandwich before going for a bicycle ride.
d. The patient increases daily exercise when ketones are present in the urine. - Answer-✔ANS: D
When the patient is ketotic, exercise increase the glucose level; persons with type 1 diabetes
should be taught to avoid exercise when ketosis is present. Other recommendations include
(1) before exercise, if glucose 100 mg/dL, eat a 15-g carbohydrate snack. After 15 to 30 min,
recheck glucose levels. (2) Delay exercise if <100 mg/dL. Patients using drugs that place them
at risk for hypoglycemia should always carry a fast-acting source of carbohydrate, such as
glucose tablets or hard candies, when exercising. (3) Before exercise, if glucose 250 mg/dL
in a person with type 1 DM and ketones are present, delay vigorous activity until ketones are
gone. Drink fluids.
\.The nurse is assessing a 22-yr-old patient experiencing the onset of symptoms of type 1
diabetes. Which finding would the nurse anticipate?
a. Anorexia
b. Weight loss
c. Dark colored urine
d. Craving sugary drinks. - Answer-✔ANS: B
, Weight loss occurs because the body is no longer able to absorb glucose and starts to break
down protein and fat for energy. The patient is thirsty but does not necessarily crave
sugar-containing fluids. Increased appetite is a classic symptom of type 1 diabetes. With the
classic symptom of polyuria, urine will be very dilute.
\.A patient with type 2 diabetes is scheduled for a follow-up visit in the clinic several months
from now. Which test will the nurse schedule to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for the
Patient?
a. Fasting blood glucose
b. Glycosylated hemoglobin
c. Oral glucose tolerance test
d. Urine dipstick for glucose and ketones - Answer-✔ANS: B
The glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) test shows the overall control of glucose over 90 to 120
days. A fasting level indicates only the glucose level at one time. Urine glucose testing is not
an accurate reflection of glucose level and does not reflect the glucose over a prolonged time.
Oral glucose tolerance testing is done to diagnose diabetes but is not used for monitoring
glucose control after diabetes has been diagnosed.
\.The nurse is assessing a 55-yr-old female patient with type 2 diabetes who has a body mass
index (BMI) of 32 kg/m2. Which goal in the plan of care is most important for this patient?
a. The patient will reach a glycosylated hemoglobin level of less than 7%.
b. The patient will follow a diet and exercise plan that results in weight loss.
c. The patient will choose a diet that distributes calories throughout the day.
d. The patient will state the reasons for eliminating simple sugars in the diet. - Answer-✔ANS: A
The complications of diabetes are related to elevated glucose and the most important patient
outcome is the reduction of glucose to near-normal levels. A BMI of 30.9/kg/m2 or above is
