Bio 200 Exam 3 with verified detailed answers ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Chromosomes - correct answer✔✔Highly condensed DNA. Each daughter cell needs to get ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
one copy of every chromosome (22 pairs plus 1 pair of sex chromosomes)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Mitosis Stages - correct answer✔✔Interphase--> Metaphase--> Prophase--> Anaphase--
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
>Telophase
G2 Checkpoint - correct answer✔✔Pass this checkpoint if:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
chromosomes have replicated successfully ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
DNA is undamaged ||\\//|| ||\\//||
activated MPF is present ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Metaphase Checkpoint - correct answer✔✔Pass this checkpoint if: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
all chromosomes are attached to spindle apparatus
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
G1 Checkpoint - correct answer✔✔Pass this checkpoint if:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
cell size is adequate
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
nutrients are sufficient ||\\//|| ||\\//||
social signals are present ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
DNA is undamaged ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Totipotent - correct answer✔✔all fates possible (gametes) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pluripotent - correct answer✔✔multiple fates are possible (stem cells) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, Unipotent - correct answer✔✔one fate possible, not yet structured
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Differentiated - correct answer✔✔recognizable structured for a single cell fate ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Estradiol - correct answer✔✔stimulates development of the female reproductive tract,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
growth of ovarian follicles and growth of breast tissue
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Progesterone - correct answer✔✔Secreted by the corpus luteum AFTER ovulation, causes ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
uterine lining to thicken
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Lutenizing Hormone - correct answer✔✔stimulates estrogen production, ovulation and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
formation of corpus luteum ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone - correct answer✔✔stimulates growth of eggs and follicles in ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ovaries (or sperm production in testes)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Carcinogens - correct answer✔✔Sources of mutations ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Small changes: point mutations
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Regular changes: DNA repair proteins, DNA protection problems
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Large scale changes: chromosomal breakages and linkages, aneuploidy
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Categorized as chemical (smoking), biological (polymerase error) or radioactive
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Cancer-causing cells - correct answer✔✔rapid mitosis and growth ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
recruitment of blood vessels ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
movement to other tissues (metastasis) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Chromosomes - correct answer✔✔Highly condensed DNA. Each daughter cell needs to get ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
one copy of every chromosome (22 pairs plus 1 pair of sex chromosomes)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Mitosis Stages - correct answer✔✔Interphase--> Metaphase--> Prophase--> Anaphase--
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
>Telophase
G2 Checkpoint - correct answer✔✔Pass this checkpoint if:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
chromosomes have replicated successfully ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
DNA is undamaged ||\\//|| ||\\//||
activated MPF is present ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Metaphase Checkpoint - correct answer✔✔Pass this checkpoint if: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
all chromosomes are attached to spindle apparatus
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
G1 Checkpoint - correct answer✔✔Pass this checkpoint if:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
cell size is adequate
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
nutrients are sufficient ||\\//|| ||\\//||
social signals are present ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
DNA is undamaged ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Totipotent - correct answer✔✔all fates possible (gametes) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Pluripotent - correct answer✔✔multiple fates are possible (stem cells) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, Unipotent - correct answer✔✔one fate possible, not yet structured
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Differentiated - correct answer✔✔recognizable structured for a single cell fate ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Estradiol - correct answer✔✔stimulates development of the female reproductive tract,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
growth of ovarian follicles and growth of breast tissue
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Progesterone - correct answer✔✔Secreted by the corpus luteum AFTER ovulation, causes ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
uterine lining to thicken
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Lutenizing Hormone - correct answer✔✔stimulates estrogen production, ovulation and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
formation of corpus luteum ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone - correct answer✔✔stimulates growth of eggs and follicles in ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ovaries (or sperm production in testes)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Carcinogens - correct answer✔✔Sources of mutations ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Small changes: point mutations
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Regular changes: DNA repair proteins, DNA protection problems
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Large scale changes: chromosomal breakages and linkages, aneuploidy
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Categorized as chemical (smoking), biological (polymerase error) or radioactive
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Cancer-causing cells - correct answer✔✔rapid mitosis and growth ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
recruitment of blood vessels ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
movement to other tissues (metastasis) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
