BIOS 357 Exam 3 with verified detailed solutions ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What are the primary functions of the nervous system? - correct answer✔✔Sensory input,
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integration, and motor output ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What are the two major structural divisions of the nervous system and what does each
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contain? - correct answer✔✔CNS - brain and spinal cord ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
PNS - 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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What part of the nervous system carries information towards the central nervous system? -
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correct answer✔✔Sensory (afferent) ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What parts of the nervous system sends "commands" to effector targets? - correct
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answer✔✔Motor (efferent) ||\\//||
Define and where would you find: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. sensory afferent neuron
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2. motor efferent neuron
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3. interneuron - correct answer✔✔1. Senses stimuli and sends impulses to interneurons.
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Found in afferent nervous system. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Carries signals away from CNS. Found in efferent nervous system.
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3. Connect afferent and efferent neurons. Found in CNS.
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What type of structures are served by somatic nerves? - correct answer✔✔Skin, skeletal
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muscle, joints ||\\//||
,What type of structures are served by autonomic nerves? - correct answer✔✔Smooth and
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cardiac muscles, glands ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Cell body
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2. Nissl substance
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3. dendrites
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4. axon ||\\//||
5. hillock ||\\//||
6. terminal||\\//||
7. synaptic cleft - correct answer✔✔1.
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2. Large granular body found in neurons
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3. short processes bringing info into cell body, increase surface area
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4. long process extending from the body (mm to 3-4 ft long)
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5. Where cell body and axon connect
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6.
7.
What is myelin and what are its functions? - correct answer✔✔White, fatty material covering
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axons. Insulates and speeds up action potentials.
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What is multiple sclerosis? - correct answer✔✔The immune system eats away at the myelin
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sheaths
What PNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - correct answer✔✔Schwann
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What CNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - correct answer✔✔Oligodendrocyte
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, Can neurons regenerate/heal? - correct answer✔✔Nerves in PNS can regenerate, but nerves
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in the CNS cannot
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What is a node of Ranvier? - correct answer✔✔Gaps in myelin sheath along axon
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What structures are concentrated in the node area? - correct answer✔✔Na+ gated
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channels/voltage gated channels ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Compare and contrast: continuous and salutatory conduction - correct answer✔✔In ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
salutatory conduction, the nerve impulse will jump between the nodes of Ranvier. It's faster
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than continuous conduction, where the nerve impulse travels down the whole unmyelinated
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neuron.
Describe the following types of neurons: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. unipolar
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2. bipolar
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3. multipolar - correct answer✔✔1. 2 branches function as a single axon
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2. 1 dendrite and 1 axon
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3. many dendrites and 1 axon
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Where would each type of neuron be found? - correct answer✔✔1. Sensory
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2. Special senses
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3. Motor
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Name and describe the four types of neuroglial cells in the CNS. What does each do? -
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correct answer✔✔Astrocyte: wall off injuries ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Ependymal: secrete CSF ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Microglial: scavenge and phagocytize invading cells ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What are the primary functions of the nervous system? - correct answer✔✔Sensory input,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
integration, and motor output ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What are the two major structural divisions of the nervous system and what does each
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
contain? - correct answer✔✔CNS - brain and spinal cord ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
PNS - 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What part of the nervous system carries information towards the central nervous system? -
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
correct answer✔✔Sensory (afferent) ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What parts of the nervous system sends "commands" to effector targets? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Motor (efferent) ||\\//||
Define and where would you find: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. sensory afferent neuron
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. motor efferent neuron
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. interneuron - correct answer✔✔1. Senses stimuli and sends impulses to interneurons.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Found in afferent nervous system. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Carries signals away from CNS. Found in efferent nervous system.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Connect afferent and efferent neurons. Found in CNS.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What type of structures are served by somatic nerves? - correct answer✔✔Skin, skeletal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
muscle, joints ||\\//||
,What type of structures are served by autonomic nerves? - correct answer✔✔Smooth and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
cardiac muscles, glands ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Cell body
||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Nissl substance
||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. dendrites
||\\//||
4. axon ||\\//||
5. hillock ||\\//||
6. terminal||\\//||
7. synaptic cleft - correct answer✔✔1.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Large granular body found in neurons
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. short processes bringing info into cell body, increase surface area
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. long process extending from the body (mm to 3-4 ft long)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
5. Where cell body and axon connect
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
6.
7.
What is myelin and what are its functions? - correct answer✔✔White, fatty material covering
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
axons. Insulates and speeds up action potentials.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is multiple sclerosis? - correct answer✔✔The immune system eats away at the myelin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
sheaths
What PNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - correct answer✔✔Schwann
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What CNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - correct answer✔✔Oligodendrocyte
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, Can neurons regenerate/heal? - correct answer✔✔Nerves in PNS can regenerate, but nerves
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
in the CNS cannot
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is a node of Ranvier? - correct answer✔✔Gaps in myelin sheath along axon
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What structures are concentrated in the node area? - correct answer✔✔Na+ gated
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
channels/voltage gated channels ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Compare and contrast: continuous and salutatory conduction - correct answer✔✔In ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
salutatory conduction, the nerve impulse will jump between the nodes of Ranvier. It's faster
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
than continuous conduction, where the nerve impulse travels down the whole unmyelinated
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
neuron.
Describe the following types of neurons: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. unipolar
||\\//||
2. bipolar
||\\//||
3. multipolar - correct answer✔✔1. 2 branches function as a single axon
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. 1 dendrite and 1 axon
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. many dendrites and 1 axon
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Where would each type of neuron be found? - correct answer✔✔1. Sensory
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Special senses
||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Motor
||\\//||
Name and describe the four types of neuroglial cells in the CNS. What does each do? -
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
correct answer✔✔Astrocyte: wall off injuries ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Ependymal: secrete CSF ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Microglial: scavenge and phagocytize invading cells ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
