BIOS 357 Exam 4 with verified detailed solutions ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the difference between the endocrine and exocrine gland? - correct
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answer✔✔Endocrine: Ductless glands that produce hormones and release them directly into ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the blood ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Exocrine: Secretes product at the bodies surface or into the body cavities through ducts. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hormones circulate in the blood throughout the body. Why do they then not act on all of ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the cells in the body? - correct answer✔✔For a target cell to respond to a hormone, specific
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protein receptors must be present on the cell's plasma membrane
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What are the 2 classes of hormones we studied and where at the cell do they bind to
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receptors? - correct answer✔✔Water soluable: (protein hormones) binds at plasma ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
membrane
Lipid soluable: (steroid and fatty-acid hormones) binds at intracellular receptors
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What is a 2nd messenger? How does it affect the cell - correct answer✔✔2nd messenger:
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Made from catalyzed enzymes, intracellular molecules produced by the binding of a chemical
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to a membrane
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Where are steroid receptors located and how do they stimulate the cell when bound by a
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steroid (lipid based hormone) ? - correct answer✔✔Located outside the plasma membrane
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of target cells. They stimulate the cell by diffusing through the plasma membrane, enter the
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nucleus and bind to a specific protein. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, What is the function of a carrier protein? What types of hormones are associated with
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carriers? - correct answer✔✔Act as "small boats" that carry the hormone molecules within
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the blood. Amino acids
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Hormone receptors have a high affinity for hormone binding. What does this mean and why
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is it important to hormone action? - correct answer✔✔This means that the hormone and
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receptor bind together tightly. This is important because cells must bind with their specific
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
receptor for a response to occur. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Know the endocrine glands, what hormones they secrete, what the stimulus for hormone
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
release is, and what the primay functions for each hormone is. - correct answer✔✔Pineal
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Gland: Deep brain, secretes melatonin, helps maintain rhythm
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Hypothalamus: brain, secretes ADH and oxytocin (OT), Control and relay centre of endocrine ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
system
*posterior* Pituitary Gland: Hormones from hypothalamus are carried here for storage and ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
release
*anterior* Pituitary Gland: Secretes growth hormone (GH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing
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hormone (LH), prolactin ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Thyroid Gland: Located in neck, Secretes Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin
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hormone
Ovaries and Testes: follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone. Produces estrogen and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
testosterone.
Adrenal Glands: Located on top of kidneys, secretes Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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What is the difference between the endocrine and exocrine gland? - correct
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
answer✔✔Endocrine: Ductless glands that produce hormones and release them directly into ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the blood ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Exocrine: Secretes product at the bodies surface or into the body cavities through ducts. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hormones circulate in the blood throughout the body. Why do they then not act on all of ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the cells in the body? - correct answer✔✔For a target cell to respond to a hormone, specific
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
protein receptors must be present on the cell's plasma membrane
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What are the 2 classes of hormones we studied and where at the cell do they bind to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
receptors? - correct answer✔✔Water soluable: (protein hormones) binds at plasma ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
membrane
Lipid soluable: (steroid and fatty-acid hormones) binds at intracellular receptors
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is a 2nd messenger? How does it affect the cell - correct answer✔✔2nd messenger:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Made from catalyzed enzymes, intracellular molecules produced by the binding of a chemical
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
to a membrane
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Where are steroid receptors located and how do they stimulate the cell when bound by a
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
steroid (lipid based hormone) ? - correct answer✔✔Located outside the plasma membrane
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
of target cells. They stimulate the cell by diffusing through the plasma membrane, enter the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
nucleus and bind to a specific protein. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, What is the function of a carrier protein? What types of hormones are associated with
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
carriers? - correct answer✔✔Act as "small boats" that carry the hormone molecules within
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
the blood. Amino acids
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hormone receptors have a high affinity for hormone binding. What does this mean and why
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
is it important to hormone action? - correct answer✔✔This means that the hormone and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
receptor bind together tightly. This is important because cells must bind with their specific
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
receptor for a response to occur. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Know the endocrine glands, what hormones they secrete, what the stimulus for hormone
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
release is, and what the primay functions for each hormone is. - correct answer✔✔Pineal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Gland: Deep brain, secretes melatonin, helps maintain rhythm
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Hypothalamus: brain, secretes ADH and oxytocin (OT), Control and relay centre of endocrine ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
system
*posterior* Pituitary Gland: Hormones from hypothalamus are carried here for storage and ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
release
*anterior* Pituitary Gland: Secretes growth hormone (GH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
hormone (LH), prolactin ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Thyroid Gland: Located in neck, Secretes Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
hormone
Ovaries and Testes: follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone. Produces estrogen and
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
testosterone.
Adrenal Glands: Located on top of kidneys, secretes Epinephrine and norepinephrine
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
