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CAPA / CPAN REVIEW UPDATED EXAM
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Esophagus - correct answer -Esophagus:
-superior esophageal sphincter = conscious control
Esophageal Sphincter:
-smooth muscle - autonomic control
-cardiac sphincter is where esophagus and stomach come
together
Esophageal Tube:
-very elastic
**Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Esophagomyotomy (Heller) & Reflux - correct answer -**Heller
Procedure-loosens esophageal sphincter muscle for food bolus
patient or difficulty swallowing
-its a permanent incision
Procedures that treat Reflux:
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-**Nissan Fundoplication: take the neck of stomach and loop it
around esophagus to act like a lasso to tighten it down
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Stomach - correct answer --mechanical digestion continues
-chemical digestions continues
-mucosal lining (COX1)
-Rugae- Gastric folds to help with expansion
-Pyloric sphinchter-allows food to slowly enter duodenum
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Small intestine - correct answer -lots of surface area
absorption of electrolytes
Three parts:
-Duodenum
-Jejunum: absorbs surgars, fatty acids and amino acids
-Ileum: only place to absorbs Vit B12, recylcles unused bile,
reabsorbs it, and puts back into gallbladder
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
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Large Intestine - correct answer -Primary function to absorb water
Sections:
-Cecum
-colon
-rectum
-anus
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Accessory organs of digestion - correct answer -Liver-produces
bile; hepatic ducts dump bile into bile duct and into gallbladder to
be stored
Gallbladder-stores bile; helps liver by dumping bile into bile duct if
needed
Pancreas-dumps digestive enzymes into hepatopancreatic
ampulla to mix with bile
*Livers making bile, L & R hepatic duct that dumps into common
hepatic duct (if not eating fatty meal) and into gallbladder to be
stored.
-if eating fatty meal-both liver and gallbladder excrete bile into
common bile duct > pancreas breaking down food further
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Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Gastrectomy - correct answer -Gastrectomy-removes all or
portion of stomach
Antrectomy:
-removal of bottom of stomach
-r/t cancer
Billroth I
-pylorus removed and bottom 1/2 of stomach and resewn into
stomach
*complication: dumping syndrome
Billroth II:
-most of the stomach is removed, requires rerouting
-jejunum is sewn into greater curvature of stomach
-more invasive procedure
Total Gastrectomy-removing whole stomach r/t stomach cancer
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
CAPA / CPAN REVIEW UPDATED EXAM
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Esophagus - correct answer -Esophagus:
-superior esophageal sphincter = conscious control
Esophageal Sphincter:
-smooth muscle - autonomic control
-cardiac sphincter is where esophagus and stomach come
together
Esophageal Tube:
-very elastic
**Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Esophagomyotomy (Heller) & Reflux - correct answer -**Heller
Procedure-loosens esophageal sphincter muscle for food bolus
patient or difficulty swallowing
-its a permanent incision
Procedures that treat Reflux:
, Page | 2
-**Nissan Fundoplication: take the neck of stomach and loop it
around esophagus to act like a lasso to tighten it down
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Stomach - correct answer --mechanical digestion continues
-chemical digestions continues
-mucosal lining (COX1)
-Rugae- Gastric folds to help with expansion
-Pyloric sphinchter-allows food to slowly enter duodenum
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Small intestine - correct answer -lots of surface area
absorption of electrolytes
Three parts:
-Duodenum
-Jejunum: absorbs surgars, fatty acids and amino acids
-Ileum: only place to absorbs Vit B12, recylcles unused bile,
reabsorbs it, and puts back into gallbladder
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
, Page | 3
Large Intestine - correct answer -Primary function to absorb water
Sections:
-Cecum
-colon
-rectum
-anus
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Accessory organs of digestion - correct answer -Liver-produces
bile; hepatic ducts dump bile into bile duct and into gallbladder to
be stored
Gallbladder-stores bile; helps liver by dumping bile into bile duct if
needed
Pancreas-dumps digestive enzymes into hepatopancreatic
ampulla to mix with bile
*Livers making bile, L & R hepatic duct that dumps into common
hepatic duct (if not eating fatty meal) and into gallbladder to be
stored.
-if eating fatty meal-both liver and gallbladder excrete bile into
common bile duct > pancreas breaking down food further
, Page | 4
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
Gastrectomy - correct answer -Gastrectomy-removes all or
portion of stomach
Antrectomy:
-removal of bottom of stomach
-r/t cancer
Billroth I
-pylorus removed and bottom 1/2 of stomach and resewn into
stomach
*complication: dumping syndrome
Billroth II:
-most of the stomach is removed, requires rerouting
-jejunum is sewn into greater curvature of stomach
-more invasive procedure
Total Gastrectomy-removing whole stomach r/t stomach cancer
Gastrointestinal Surgery:
