portage pathophysiology exam 2
questions with correct answers graded a+
for 2025-2026 assured excel!!
True/False:
Bloodhtestshforhtumorhmarkershcanhmakehahdiagnosishofhcancer.hWhyhorhwhyhnot?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSFalse,honlyhtissuehcanhdiagnose.hTumorhmarkersharehhelpfulhtohassesshrespon
sehtohtherapyhorhreoccurrence.
Whathishthehmosthimportanthprocedurehinhdiagnosinghthehcorrecthcancerhandhhistology?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERStissuehbiopsy
ExplainhthehTNMhsystem:h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSThishthehsizehandhlocalhspreadhofhthehprimaryhtumor.
Nhishthehinvolvementhofhthehregionalhlymphhnodes.
Mhishthehextenthofhthehmetastatichinvolvement.
1.hListhtwohsignshorhsymptomshahpatienthmayhpresenthwithhthathmighthindicatehahcancerhdiagnosis:
2.hWhatharehtwohsystemichmanifestationshofhcancerhexhibitedhbyhcancerhpatients?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERS1.hS+S:hBleeding;hsorehthathdoesn'thheal;hfluidhinhthehpleural,hpericardial,horhp
eritonealhspaces;hchesthpain,hshortnesshofhbreath,hcough,habdominalhdiscomforthorhswelling.hOthe
rhpossiblehanswershcanhincludehahmasshorhlump,hpainh(needhtohbehspecific),hfatigue,hfevers,hweighth
loss
2.hSystemic:hWeighthloss,hwastinghofhbodyhfathandhmusclehtissue,hweakness,hanorexia,handhanemia
,hfatigue,hsleephdisturbances
, 1.hWhatharehthehthreehpossiblehgoalshofhcancerhtreatment?
2.hHowhdoeshradiationhkillhcancerhcells?h-hhCORRECThANSWERS1.hCurative,hcontrol,hpalliative
2.hRadiationhtherapyhuseshhigh-
energyhparticleshorhwaveshtohdestroyhorhdamagehcancerhcells.hThishleadshtohthehcreationhofhfreehra
dicals,hwhichhdamagehcellhstructures.hRadiationhcanhinterrupththehcellhcyclehprocess,hkillhcells,horhd
amagehDNAhinhthehcells.
True/False:
Cellhproliferationhishthehprocesshofhincreasinghcellhnumbershbyhmitotichcellhdivision.h-
hhCORRECThANSWERStrue
True/False:
Cellhdifferentiationhishthehprocesshofhincreasinghcellhnumbershbyhmitotichcellhdivision.h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSfalse
Whatharehtwohimportanthpropertieshthathstemhcellshpossess?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSpotencyhandhself-renewal
Whichhofhthehfollowingharehmosthlikelyhtohhaveharisenhfromhanhadulthstemhcell?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSepithelialh(theyharehconstantlyhbeinghreplaced)
Definehpolyp.hArehtheyhbenignhorhmalignant?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSPolypsharehabnormalhgrowthshfoundhonhahmucosalhlining,hsuchhashthehintesti
ne,hvagina,hmouthhorhnose.hPolypshcanhbehbenignhorhmalignant.
questions with correct answers graded a+
for 2025-2026 assured excel!!
True/False:
Bloodhtestshforhtumorhmarkershcanhmakehahdiagnosishofhcancer.hWhyhorhwhyhnot?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSFalse,honlyhtissuehcanhdiagnose.hTumorhmarkersharehhelpfulhtohassesshrespon
sehtohtherapyhorhreoccurrence.
Whathishthehmosthimportanthprocedurehinhdiagnosinghthehcorrecthcancerhandhhistology?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERStissuehbiopsy
ExplainhthehTNMhsystem:h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSThishthehsizehandhlocalhspreadhofhthehprimaryhtumor.
Nhishthehinvolvementhofhthehregionalhlymphhnodes.
Mhishthehextenthofhthehmetastatichinvolvement.
1.hListhtwohsignshorhsymptomshahpatienthmayhpresenthwithhthathmighthindicatehahcancerhdiagnosis:
2.hWhatharehtwohsystemichmanifestationshofhcancerhexhibitedhbyhcancerhpatients?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERS1.hS+S:hBleeding;hsorehthathdoesn'thheal;hfluidhinhthehpleural,hpericardial,horhp
eritonealhspaces;hchesthpain,hshortnesshofhbreath,hcough,habdominalhdiscomforthorhswelling.hOthe
rhpossiblehanswershcanhincludehahmasshorhlump,hpainh(needhtohbehspecific),hfatigue,hfevers,hweighth
loss
2.hSystemic:hWeighthloss,hwastinghofhbodyhfathandhmusclehtissue,hweakness,hanorexia,handhanemia
,hfatigue,hsleephdisturbances
, 1.hWhatharehthehthreehpossiblehgoalshofhcancerhtreatment?
2.hHowhdoeshradiationhkillhcancerhcells?h-hhCORRECThANSWERS1.hCurative,hcontrol,hpalliative
2.hRadiationhtherapyhuseshhigh-
energyhparticleshorhwaveshtohdestroyhorhdamagehcancerhcells.hThishleadshtohthehcreationhofhfreehra
dicals,hwhichhdamagehcellhstructures.hRadiationhcanhinterrupththehcellhcyclehprocess,hkillhcells,horhd
amagehDNAhinhthehcells.
True/False:
Cellhproliferationhishthehprocesshofhincreasinghcellhnumbershbyhmitotichcellhdivision.h-
hhCORRECThANSWERStrue
True/False:
Cellhdifferentiationhishthehprocesshofhincreasinghcellhnumbershbyhmitotichcellhdivision.h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSfalse
Whatharehtwohimportanthpropertieshthathstemhcellshpossess?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSpotencyhandhself-renewal
Whichhofhthehfollowingharehmosthlikelyhtohhaveharisenhfromhanhadulthstemhcell?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSepithelialh(theyharehconstantlyhbeinghreplaced)
Definehpolyp.hArehtheyhbenignhorhmalignant?h-
hhCORRECThANSWERSPolypsharehabnormalhgrowthshfoundhonhahmucosalhlining,hsuchhashthehintesti
ne,hvagina,hmouthhorhnose.hPolypshcanhbehbenignhorhmalignant.
