TEXES 160 PPR FINAL PAPER 2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Assimilation. Answer: Understanding new experiences in terms of
existing schemes.
◉ Accommodation. Answer: Modifying existing schemes to fit new
situations in the environment.
◉ Adaptation. Answer: The process of adjusting schemes in response to
the environment through assimilation or accommodation.
◉ Equilibration. Answer: The process of restoring balance between
present understanding and new experiences.
◉ Disequilibrium. Answer: An imbalance between what a child
understands and what the child encounters through new experiences.
◉ Object Permanence. Answer: The fact that objects are physically
stable and exist even when the objects are not in the child's physical
presence.
,◉ Egocentric. Answer: Believing that everyone sees the world as you do
◉ Conservation. Answer: The concept that certain properties of an
object remain the same regardless of changes in other properties.
◉ Centration. Answer: Paying attention to only one aspect of an object
or situation; what is commonly called tunnel vision.
◉ Reversibility. Answer: The ability to perform a mental operation and
then reverse thinking to return to the starting point.
◉ Class Inclusion. Answer: The ability to think simultaneously about a
whole class of objects and about relationships among subordinate
classes; a framework of thinking.
◉ Inferred Reality. Answer: The ability to understand stimuli in the
context of relevant information.
◉ Seriation. Answer: Arranging objects in sequential order according to
one aspect, such as size, weight, volume.
◉ Transitivity. Answer: A skill learned during the concrete operational
stage in which children can mentally arrange and compare objects. (IF
a>b and b>c, then a>c)
, ◉ Inversion. Answer: A mental transformation that requires reversible
thinking. (+X is reversed by -X)
◉ Reciprocity. Answer: A mental transformation that requires reversible
thinking.
◉ Self-regulation. Answer: According to Vygotsky's theory, this is the
ability to think and solve problems without the help of others.
◉ Sign Systems. Answer: Symbols that cultures create to help people
think, solve problems, and communicate.
◉ Private Speech. Answer: Inner speech or children's self-talk that
guides thinking and actions; an important consideration in Vygotsky's
theory of cognitive development.
◉ Scaffolding. Answer: Support for learning and problem solving that
include clues, reminders, examples, or encouragement.
◉ Cooperative Learning. Answer: Strategies in which students work
together to help one another learn by sharing perspectives and providing
models of slightly advanced thinking.
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Assimilation. Answer: Understanding new experiences in terms of
existing schemes.
◉ Accommodation. Answer: Modifying existing schemes to fit new
situations in the environment.
◉ Adaptation. Answer: The process of adjusting schemes in response to
the environment through assimilation or accommodation.
◉ Equilibration. Answer: The process of restoring balance between
present understanding and new experiences.
◉ Disequilibrium. Answer: An imbalance between what a child
understands and what the child encounters through new experiences.
◉ Object Permanence. Answer: The fact that objects are physically
stable and exist even when the objects are not in the child's physical
presence.
,◉ Egocentric. Answer: Believing that everyone sees the world as you do
◉ Conservation. Answer: The concept that certain properties of an
object remain the same regardless of changes in other properties.
◉ Centration. Answer: Paying attention to only one aspect of an object
or situation; what is commonly called tunnel vision.
◉ Reversibility. Answer: The ability to perform a mental operation and
then reverse thinking to return to the starting point.
◉ Class Inclusion. Answer: The ability to think simultaneously about a
whole class of objects and about relationships among subordinate
classes; a framework of thinking.
◉ Inferred Reality. Answer: The ability to understand stimuli in the
context of relevant information.
◉ Seriation. Answer: Arranging objects in sequential order according to
one aspect, such as size, weight, volume.
◉ Transitivity. Answer: A skill learned during the concrete operational
stage in which children can mentally arrange and compare objects. (IF
a>b and b>c, then a>c)
, ◉ Inversion. Answer: A mental transformation that requires reversible
thinking. (+X is reversed by -X)
◉ Reciprocity. Answer: A mental transformation that requires reversible
thinking.
◉ Self-regulation. Answer: According to Vygotsky's theory, this is the
ability to think and solve problems without the help of others.
◉ Sign Systems. Answer: Symbols that cultures create to help people
think, solve problems, and communicate.
◉ Private Speech. Answer: Inner speech or children's self-talk that
guides thinking and actions; an important consideration in Vygotsky's
theory of cognitive development.
◉ Scaffolding. Answer: Support for learning and problem solving that
include clues, reminders, examples, or encouragement.
◉ Cooperative Learning. Answer: Strategies in which students work
together to help one another learn by sharing perspectives and providing
models of slightly advanced thinking.
