Programming and Analysis
Gravel - ANSWER ✓rigid particle with moderately high
bearing capacity
Sand - ANSWER ✓excellent for construction loads,
drainage, sewage drain fields, but it is unsuitable for
landscaping
Silt - ANSWER ✓smaller particles with occasional plastic
behavior. Stable when dry but unstable when wet.
Generally, building foundations and road bases must
extend below it or must be elastic enough to avoid
damage. Some nonplastic silts are usable for lighter loads.
Clay - ANSWER ✓particles with some cohesion and
plasticity in their behavior. Expands when wet and is
subject to slippage. It is poor for foundations unless it can
be kept dry. Poor for landscaping and unsuitable for
sewage drain fields because it retains water and drain
slowly.
If the building is a national historic landmark and owner
wants to receive federal tax credits, what must be met? -
ANSWER ✓Secretary of the Interior's Standards for
Rehabilitation
Preservation - ANSWER ✓retain all historic fabric through
conservation, maintenance, and repair. It reflects the
building's continuum over time and the respectful changes
,and alterations that have been made throughout the
building's lifespan
Rehabilitation - ANSWER ✓emphasizes the retention and
repair of historic materials, but give more freedom to
replacement, typically because the property is more
deteriorated before work begins. Unlike preservation,
rehab allows for incorporation of newer materials,
technologies, and modifications to improve the usefulness
or efficiency of building. AKA adaptive reuse.
Restoration - ANSWER ✓retention of materials from the
most significant time in the property's history, while
permitting the removal of materials from other periods.
Reconstruction - ANSWER ✓least historically accurate
approach. It allows the opportunity to re-create a non-
surviving site, landscape, building, structural, or objects in
new materials.
Local streets - ANSWER ✓lowest capacity and provide
direct access to building sites, can be a continuous grid,
curvilinear, cul de sacs or loop
Collector streets - ANSWER ✓higher capacity than local
street. Intersection of collector and local roads may be
controlled by stop signs, whereas intersections of collector
streets and arterial streets will be controlled with stop
lights
, Arterial streets - ANSWER ✓•major continuous circulation
routes
•connect collector streets to expressways
•no parking
•intersections b/w collector & arterial controlled by stop
lights
Expressways - ANSWER ✓Limited access roads with high
speed, high volume circulation.
Catchment area - ANSWER ✓the area surrounding a land
development site, encompassing the population base that
the development is meant to serve.
Contextualism - ANSWER ✓The belief that new buildings
should be designed to harmonize with other buildings and
elements in the vicinity
Demographics - ANSWER ✓statistical data relating to the
population and particular groups within it.
Personal Space - ANSWER ✓The subjective distance or
area surrounding a person's body into which a person
feels comfortable allowing others to intrude, depending on
the situation. Psychologist Robert Sommer developed
theory of four distances of personal space - intimate
distance, personal distance, social distance, and public
distance.
Planned Unit Development - ANSWER ✓A large parcel of
land, typically with a mix of uses, that has been designed
Gravel - ANSWER ✓rigid particle with moderately high
bearing capacity
Sand - ANSWER ✓excellent for construction loads,
drainage, sewage drain fields, but it is unsuitable for
landscaping
Silt - ANSWER ✓smaller particles with occasional plastic
behavior. Stable when dry but unstable when wet.
Generally, building foundations and road bases must
extend below it or must be elastic enough to avoid
damage. Some nonplastic silts are usable for lighter loads.
Clay - ANSWER ✓particles with some cohesion and
plasticity in their behavior. Expands when wet and is
subject to slippage. It is poor for foundations unless it can
be kept dry. Poor for landscaping and unsuitable for
sewage drain fields because it retains water and drain
slowly.
If the building is a national historic landmark and owner
wants to receive federal tax credits, what must be met? -
ANSWER ✓Secretary of the Interior's Standards for
Rehabilitation
Preservation - ANSWER ✓retain all historic fabric through
conservation, maintenance, and repair. It reflects the
building's continuum over time and the respectful changes
,and alterations that have been made throughout the
building's lifespan
Rehabilitation - ANSWER ✓emphasizes the retention and
repair of historic materials, but give more freedom to
replacement, typically because the property is more
deteriorated before work begins. Unlike preservation,
rehab allows for incorporation of newer materials,
technologies, and modifications to improve the usefulness
or efficiency of building. AKA adaptive reuse.
Restoration - ANSWER ✓retention of materials from the
most significant time in the property's history, while
permitting the removal of materials from other periods.
Reconstruction - ANSWER ✓least historically accurate
approach. It allows the opportunity to re-create a non-
surviving site, landscape, building, structural, or objects in
new materials.
Local streets - ANSWER ✓lowest capacity and provide
direct access to building sites, can be a continuous grid,
curvilinear, cul de sacs or loop
Collector streets - ANSWER ✓higher capacity than local
street. Intersection of collector and local roads may be
controlled by stop signs, whereas intersections of collector
streets and arterial streets will be controlled with stop
lights
, Arterial streets - ANSWER ✓•major continuous circulation
routes
•connect collector streets to expressways
•no parking
•intersections b/w collector & arterial controlled by stop
lights
Expressways - ANSWER ✓Limited access roads with high
speed, high volume circulation.
Catchment area - ANSWER ✓the area surrounding a land
development site, encompassing the population base that
the development is meant to serve.
Contextualism - ANSWER ✓The belief that new buildings
should be designed to harmonize with other buildings and
elements in the vicinity
Demographics - ANSWER ✓statistical data relating to the
population and particular groups within it.
Personal Space - ANSWER ✓The subjective distance or
area surrounding a person's body into which a person
feels comfortable allowing others to intrude, depending on
the situation. Psychologist Robert Sommer developed
theory of four distances of personal space - intimate
distance, personal distance, social distance, and public
distance.
Planned Unit Development - ANSWER ✓A large parcel of
land, typically with a mix of uses, that has been designed
