N300 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ASWERS
What factors influence personal hygiene (8) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. social practices
-peers, living conditions, resources
2. personal preferences
-how/when to perform hygiene, shower vs bathe, products
3. body image
4. socioeconomic status
5. health benefits and motivation
-how pt perceives benefit of hygiene
-willingness to change
-personal risk
6. cultural variables
-culture, religion, personal values
7. developmental stage
-neonates have thin skin vs adults/adolescents use antiperspirant, elderly adults have drier skin
-mobility issues with caring for feet/nails or mouth in elderly
-hair thinning over time
8. physical condition
-lack of energy or dexterity
-pain (surgical, arthritis) limiting ROM, tolerance, sedation w meds
-cog def like dementia or stroke causing forgetfulness, agitation etc
Describe areas you would evaluate in a hygiene assessment (14) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. self care
pref/ability
2. skin
3. feet & nails
4. oral cavity
5. hair & scalp
6. ears/eyes/nose
,7. use of sensory aids
8. hygiene care practices
9. cultural influence
10. risk for hygiene problems
11. possible existing infections
12. recent travel history
13. med hx
14. stressors
What interventions can you conduct when helping a pt with hygiene? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-reduce
anxiety & promote comfort
-assist them in performing it independently when appropriate
-health promotion (education)
-communicate: ask their preferences
-adapt to the pt
-infection prevention (clean to dirty, multiple towels, change water and soap, wear gloves, hand
hygiene, protect and dress open wounds
Describe the chain of infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Infectious agent: bacteria, viruses, fungi,
protozoa
2. Reservoir: living things, food, water, organic matter, inanimate surfaces
3. Portal of exit: bodily fluids, skin, mucous membranes, resp tract, GI tract, reproductive tract, trans-
placental
4. Mode of transmission: direct contact/indirect contact, vehicles, vectors
5. Portal of entry: same routes as exit
6. Host: someone at risk of infection
Describe droplet transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-coughing
or sneezing w/n 6 feet
-private room/gloves/gown/HH
, -meningitis, pertussis, flu
Describe airborne transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-in
droplet nuclei or evaporated droplets, small particles suspended in air during cough or sneeze &
aerosolized
-private room/negative pressure airflow, N95, HH
-measles, varicella, herpes zoster
Describe contact transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-touching,
person to person
-private room/gloves/gown/HH
-MRSA, VRE, Cdiff, scabies
Describe vehicle transmission and examples of diseases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-contaminated items,
water, drugs, blood, food
-ebola
Describe vector transmission and examples of diseases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-external mechanical
transfer or internal transmission (flies, mosquito, flea, tick)
-malaria, lyme disease
Describe the body's natural defenses for infections - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-normal flora (good
bacteria)
-inflammation
-exudate (fluid, dead tissue cells, WBCs)
-tissue repair
What are and what causes healthcare associated infections? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-HAIs are
healthcare associated infections that the pt did not have before entering the healthcare facility
-causes: most commonly poor HH, invasive procedures, antibiotics, multi drug resistant organisms,
breaks in infection prevention and control activities
What factors influence personal hygiene (8) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. social practices
-peers, living conditions, resources
2. personal preferences
-how/when to perform hygiene, shower vs bathe, products
3. body image
4. socioeconomic status
5. health benefits and motivation
-how pt perceives benefit of hygiene
-willingness to change
-personal risk
6. cultural variables
-culture, religion, personal values
7. developmental stage
-neonates have thin skin vs adults/adolescents use antiperspirant, elderly adults have drier skin
-mobility issues with caring for feet/nails or mouth in elderly
-hair thinning over time
8. physical condition
-lack of energy or dexterity
-pain (surgical, arthritis) limiting ROM, tolerance, sedation w meds
-cog def like dementia or stroke causing forgetfulness, agitation etc
Describe areas you would evaluate in a hygiene assessment (14) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. self care
pref/ability
2. skin
3. feet & nails
4. oral cavity
5. hair & scalp
6. ears/eyes/nose
,7. use of sensory aids
8. hygiene care practices
9. cultural influence
10. risk for hygiene problems
11. possible existing infections
12. recent travel history
13. med hx
14. stressors
What interventions can you conduct when helping a pt with hygiene? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-reduce
anxiety & promote comfort
-assist them in performing it independently when appropriate
-health promotion (education)
-communicate: ask their preferences
-adapt to the pt
-infection prevention (clean to dirty, multiple towels, change water and soap, wear gloves, hand
hygiene, protect and dress open wounds
Describe the chain of infection - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Infectious agent: bacteria, viruses, fungi,
protozoa
2. Reservoir: living things, food, water, organic matter, inanimate surfaces
3. Portal of exit: bodily fluids, skin, mucous membranes, resp tract, GI tract, reproductive tract, trans-
placental
4. Mode of transmission: direct contact/indirect contact, vehicles, vectors
5. Portal of entry: same routes as exit
6. Host: someone at risk of infection
Describe droplet transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-coughing
or sneezing w/n 6 feet
-private room/gloves/gown/HH
, -meningitis, pertussis, flu
Describe airborne transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-in
droplet nuclei or evaporated droplets, small particles suspended in air during cough or sneeze &
aerosolized
-private room/negative pressure airflow, N95, HH
-measles, varicella, herpes zoster
Describe contact transmission, precautions and examples of diseases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-touching,
person to person
-private room/gloves/gown/HH
-MRSA, VRE, Cdiff, scabies
Describe vehicle transmission and examples of diseases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-contaminated items,
water, drugs, blood, food
-ebola
Describe vector transmission and examples of diseases - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-external mechanical
transfer or internal transmission (flies, mosquito, flea, tick)
-malaria, lyme disease
Describe the body's natural defenses for infections - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-normal flora (good
bacteria)
-inflammation
-exudate (fluid, dead tissue cells, WBCs)
-tissue repair
What are and what causes healthcare associated infections? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-HAIs are
healthcare associated infections that the pt did not have before entering the healthcare facility
-causes: most commonly poor HH, invasive procedures, antibiotics, multi drug resistant organisms,
breaks in infection prevention and control activities
