CLC exam ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Which milk is higher in calories - hand expressed milk or pumped milk? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Hand expressed milk
Define: Exclusive breastfeeding - CORRECT ANSWERS Infant receives
only mother's milk as its food source, from 0-6 months
What is the only absolute infant contraindication to breastfeeding? - CORRECT
ANSWERS galactosemia
Can infants with PKU breastfeed? - CORRECT ANSWERS Yes, but
they need formula supplementation
Define: Complementary feeding - CORRECT ANSWERS Receiving
both human milk and solids/semisolids. From 6-23 months
9 stages of the first hour after birth - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Birth cry
2. Relaxation
3. Awakening
4. Activity
5. Rest (interspersed throughout)
6. Crawling
7. Familiarization
8. Suckling
9. Sleeping
Is crying an early or late feeding cute? - CORRECT ANSWERS Late
,Clenched hands are a sign that baby... - CORRECT ANSWERS ... is
hungry!
When is the fastest drop-off point when people stop breastfeeding? - CORRECT
ANSWERS In the first 10 days after discharge from hospital
What triggers oxytocin pathway to milk production? - CORRECT ANSWERS
1. Conditioned let-down reflex (smell, touch, sound)
2. Nipple stretching
3. Baby hand massage
What are the two hormone pathways for milk production? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Oxytocin and Prolactin
How does fat, protein and water content affect the frequency of feedings
between different mammal species? - CORRECT ANSWERS High fat,
high protein, low water = infrequent feeds
High water = more frequent feeds
When does Lactogenesis II start? - CORRECT ANSWERS complete
delivery of the placenta
How does preterm milk differ from term milk? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Generally higher in protein, fat and electrolytes
How long does preterm milk production last? - CORRECT ANSWERS
5-7 weeks
, Which has higher fat content: hindmilk or foremilk? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Neither. Some say hindmilk is highest in fat - but this is not supported by
research and shouldn't be a part of counseling
Which hormone(s) drive the production of colostrum and where do they come
from? - CORRECT ANSWERS Progesterone from the placenta
Which hormone(s) drive the production of transitional milk and where do they
come from? - CORRECT ANSWERS Progesterone - left from the
placenta and is rapidly dropping
Prolactin - generally already circulating, not yet being released by nipple
stimulation
Which hormone(s) drive the production of mature milk and where do they come
from? - CORRECT ANSWERS Prolactin - comes from nipple
stimulation in feeding
Describe paracellular vs transcellular pathways - CORRECT ANSWERS
Paracellular: during progesterone-driven lactogenesis, there is free flow
of blood/nutrients/etc between milk cells, increased permeability to some drugs
Transcellular pathway: during prolactin-driven lactogenesis, milk cells are
larger with no pathways between them, which yields more safety from
substances
Name 5 instances when breastmilk composition changes - CORRECT
ANSWERS 1. over the course of entire lactation experience
2. time of day (higher caloric concentration at night)
CORRECT ANSWERS
Which milk is higher in calories - hand expressed milk or pumped milk? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Hand expressed milk
Define: Exclusive breastfeeding - CORRECT ANSWERS Infant receives
only mother's milk as its food source, from 0-6 months
What is the only absolute infant contraindication to breastfeeding? - CORRECT
ANSWERS galactosemia
Can infants with PKU breastfeed? - CORRECT ANSWERS Yes, but
they need formula supplementation
Define: Complementary feeding - CORRECT ANSWERS Receiving
both human milk and solids/semisolids. From 6-23 months
9 stages of the first hour after birth - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Birth cry
2. Relaxation
3. Awakening
4. Activity
5. Rest (interspersed throughout)
6. Crawling
7. Familiarization
8. Suckling
9. Sleeping
Is crying an early or late feeding cute? - CORRECT ANSWERS Late
,Clenched hands are a sign that baby... - CORRECT ANSWERS ... is
hungry!
When is the fastest drop-off point when people stop breastfeeding? - CORRECT
ANSWERS In the first 10 days after discharge from hospital
What triggers oxytocin pathway to milk production? - CORRECT ANSWERS
1. Conditioned let-down reflex (smell, touch, sound)
2. Nipple stretching
3. Baby hand massage
What are the two hormone pathways for milk production? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Oxytocin and Prolactin
How does fat, protein and water content affect the frequency of feedings
between different mammal species? - CORRECT ANSWERS High fat,
high protein, low water = infrequent feeds
High water = more frequent feeds
When does Lactogenesis II start? - CORRECT ANSWERS complete
delivery of the placenta
How does preterm milk differ from term milk? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Generally higher in protein, fat and electrolytes
How long does preterm milk production last? - CORRECT ANSWERS
5-7 weeks
, Which has higher fat content: hindmilk or foremilk? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Neither. Some say hindmilk is highest in fat - but this is not supported by
research and shouldn't be a part of counseling
Which hormone(s) drive the production of colostrum and where do they come
from? - CORRECT ANSWERS Progesterone from the placenta
Which hormone(s) drive the production of transitional milk and where do they
come from? - CORRECT ANSWERS Progesterone - left from the
placenta and is rapidly dropping
Prolactin - generally already circulating, not yet being released by nipple
stimulation
Which hormone(s) drive the production of mature milk and where do they come
from? - CORRECT ANSWERS Prolactin - comes from nipple
stimulation in feeding
Describe paracellular vs transcellular pathways - CORRECT ANSWERS
Paracellular: during progesterone-driven lactogenesis, there is free flow
of blood/nutrients/etc between milk cells, increased permeability to some drugs
Transcellular pathway: during prolactin-driven lactogenesis, milk cells are
larger with no pathways between them, which yields more safety from
substances
Name 5 instances when breastmilk composition changes - CORRECT
ANSWERS 1. over the course of entire lactation experience
2. time of day (higher caloric concentration at night)
