Health Assessment Exam 3 Practice Test Questions and Answers Verified 100% Correct

Health Assessment Exam 3 Practice Test Questions and Answers Verified 100% Correct The first heart sound (S1) is produced by the: A) closure of the semilunar valves. B) closure of the AV valves. C) opening of the semilunar valves. D) opening of the AV valves. - ANSWER -B) closure of the AV valves. Correct S1 occurs with closure of the atrioventricular valves. The second heart sound (S2) occurs with closure of the semilunar valves. Normally opening of the semilunar valves is silent, but in aortic or pulmonic stenosis, an ejection click may be heard. An ejection click occurs early in systole at the start of ejection because it results from opening of the semilunar valves. A third heart sound (S3) can be heard when the ventricles are resistant to filling during the early rapid filling phase. S3 is heard when the AV valves open and atrial blood first pours into the ventricles. Which of the following guidelines may be used to identify which heart sound is S1? A) S1 is louder than S2 at the base of the heart. B) S1 coincides with the A wave of the jugular venous pulse wave. C) S1 coincides with the carotid artery pulse. D) S1 coincides with the Q wave of the QRS electrocardiogram complex. - ANSWER -C) S1 coincides with the carotid artery pulse. S1 coincides with the carotid artery pulse. S1 is loudest at the apex of the heart. S1 coincides with the C wave of the jugular venous pulse wave. S1 coincides with the R wave (the upstroke of the QRS complex). Which of the following cardiac alterations occurs during pregnancy? A) An increase in cardiac output and blood pressure B) An increase in cardiac volume and a decrease in blood pressure C) An increased heart rate and increased blood pressure D) An increased stroke volume and decreased cardiac output - ANSWER -B) An increase in cardiac volume and a decrease in blood pressure During pregnancy the blood volume increases by 30% to 40%; this creates an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output and an increased pulse rate of 10 to 15 beats per minute. The arterial blood pressure decreases in pregnancy as a result of peripheral vasodilation. Which of the following is an appropriate position to have the patient assume when auscultating for extra heart sounds or murmurs? A) Roll toward the left side B) Roll toward the right side C) Trendelenburg position D) Recumbent position - ANSWER -A) Roll toward the left side After auscultation in the supine position, the nurse should have the patient roll onto the left side; the examiner should listen at the apex with the bell for the presence of any diastolic filling sounds (i.e., S3 or S4) or murmurs that may be heard only in this position. The examiner should have the patient sit up and lean forward; the examiner should auscultate at the base with the diaphragm for a soft, high-pitched, early diastolic murmur of aortic or pulmonic regurgitation. The leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves are anchored by __________________ to the _________________, which are embedded in the ventricular floor. A) endocardial ligaments; mediastinal muscles B) atrioventricular tendons; pericardial bundles C) chordae tendineae; papillary muscles D) pericardial cords; ventricular sheaths - ANSWER -C) chordae tendineae; papillary muscles The valves are anchored by collagenous fibers (chordae tendineae) to the papillary muscles, which are embedded in the ventricle floor. The ability of the heart to contract independently of any signals or stimulation is due to: A) depolarization. B) automaticity. C) conduction. D) repolarization. - ANSWER -B) automaticity. The heart can contract by itself, independent of any signals or stimulation from the body; this property is termed automaticity. Depolarization is the reversal of the resting potential in excitable cardiac muscle cell membranes when stimulated. Conduction is the process by which an electrical impulse is transmitted through the heart. Repolarization is the process by which the membrane potential of a cardiac muscle cell is restored to the cell's resting potential. When auscultating the heart of a newborn within 24 hours after birth, the examiner hears a continuous sound that mimics the sound of a machine. This finding most likely indicates: A) the presence of congenital heart disease. B) a normal sound because of the thinner chest wall of the newborn. C) an expected sound caused by nonclosure of the ductus arteriosus. D) pathology only when accompanied by an increased heart rate. - ANSWER -C) an expected sound caused by nonclosure of the ductus arteriosus. The murmur of a patent ductus arteriosus is a continuous machinery murmur, which disappears by 2 to 3 days. A bruit heard while auscultating the carotid artery of a 65-year-old patient is caused by: A) decreased velocity of blood flow through the carotid artery. B) turbulent blood flow through the carotid artery. C) rapid blood flow through the carotid artery. D) increased viscosity of blood. - ANSWER -B) turbulent blood flow through the carotid artery. A carotid bruit is a blowing, swishing sound indicating blood flow turbulence. A bruit indicates atherosclerotic narrowing of the vessel. The jugular venous pressure is an indirect reflection of the: A) heart's efficiency as a pump. B) cardiac cycle. C) conduction effectiveness. D) synchronization of mechanical activity. - ANSWER -A) heart's efficiency as a pump.