URINE ANALYSIS
by
PRITHVI SINGH YADAV
TA
Physical and chemical
examination of urine
,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
•Volume
• Odor
• Color
• Specific
gravity
•
Appearance
• pH
,Volume-
The average 24-hr urinary output in adults is 600-
2000 ml. The volume varies according to fluid intake,
diet, and climate.
Abnormalties of urinary volume are as follows:
• Polyuria means urinary volume > 2000 ml/24
hours.
This is seen in diabetes mellitus (osmotic diuresis),
diabetes insipidus (failure of secretion of antidiuretic
hormone), chronic renal failure (loss of concentrating
ability of kidneys) or diuretic therapy.
• Oliguria means urinary volume < 400 ml/24
hours.
Causes include febrile states, acute
glomerulonephritis (decreased glomerular filtration),
congestive cardiac failure or dehydration (decreased
, • Anuria means urinary output < 100 ml/24 hours
or complete cessation of urine output. It occurs in
acute tubular necrosis (e.g. in shock, hemolytic
transfusion reaction), acute glomerulonephritis, and
complete urinary tract obstruction
by
PRITHVI SINGH YADAV
TA
Physical and chemical
examination of urine
,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
•Volume
• Odor
• Color
• Specific
gravity
•
Appearance
• pH
,Volume-
The average 24-hr urinary output in adults is 600-
2000 ml. The volume varies according to fluid intake,
diet, and climate.
Abnormalties of urinary volume are as follows:
• Polyuria means urinary volume > 2000 ml/24
hours.
This is seen in diabetes mellitus (osmotic diuresis),
diabetes insipidus (failure of secretion of antidiuretic
hormone), chronic renal failure (loss of concentrating
ability of kidneys) or diuretic therapy.
• Oliguria means urinary volume < 400 ml/24
hours.
Causes include febrile states, acute
glomerulonephritis (decreased glomerular filtration),
congestive cardiac failure or dehydration (decreased
, • Anuria means urinary output < 100 ml/24 hours
or complete cessation of urine output. It occurs in
acute tubular necrosis (e.g. in shock, hemolytic
transfusion reaction), acute glomerulonephritis, and
complete urinary tract obstruction
