NURS 3101 Skills and essential Exam
1 And All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
stress - Answer decreases immune system and makes the body more susceptible to infection
antibiotic overuse - Answer leads to resistance
infection - Answer the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms,
resulting in disease
colonization - Answer the presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without
tissue invasion or damage
communicable disease - Answer the infectious process transmitted from one person to
another
symptomatic - Answer clinical signs and symptoms are present
asymptomatic - Answer clinical signs and symptoms are not present
what is the easiest part of the chain of infection to control? - Answer mode of transmission
chain of infection - Answer infectious agent,
reservoir,
portal of exit,
mode of transmission,
portal of entry,
susceptible host
C. Diff - Answer Can't use hand sanitizer; must wash with soap and water
on hard surfaces bleach must be used
,Where does MRSA colonize? - Answer in the nose
Florence Nightingale - Answer reduced mortality rates in hospitals by changing sheets,
cleaning soldiers, and feeding them nutritious meals
when should you use antiseptic hand care? - Answer before and after patient contact
localized infection - Answer microbes enter the body and remain confined to a specific tissue
systemic infection - Answer an infection throughout the body
incubation period - Answer interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms
prodromal stage - Answer person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease
illness stage - Answer interval when patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of
infection
convalescence - Answer gradual recovery after an illness
normal flora - Answer microorganisms that are normally present in a specific site
- if disrupted person is at greater risk for acquiring a disease
E. coli - Answer part of the normal flora in the intestines. is the most common cause of UTI's
super infection - Answer occurs when good bacteria is eradicated by broad spectrum
antibiotics
skin defense mechanisms - Answer -intact multilayered surface
- shedding of outer layer of skin cells
-sebum
,eye defense mechanisms - Answer tearing and blinking
respiratory tract defense mechanisms - Answer - cilia lining upper respiratory tract, coated by
mucus
- macrophages
urinary tract defense mechanisms - Answer - flushing action of urine flow
- intact multilayered epithelium
gastrointestinal tract defense mechanisms - Answer - acidity of gastric secretions
- rapid peristalsis in small intestine
vagina defense mechanisms - Answer - at puberty normal florae causing vaginal secretions to
achieve low pH
inflammation- defense mechanism - Answer - signs if local inflammation and infection are
identical
- vascular and cellular response
- exudates
- tissue repair
characteristics of inflammation - Answer Heat
Induration (swelling)
Pain
Edema
Redness
serous exudate - Answer Watery, Clear : indicates early inflammation
skin blisters, pericarditis
fibrinous exudate - Answer Thick, clotted: indicates more advanced inflammation
, runny nose, as with common cold
purulent exudate - Answer Pus: indicates a bacterial infection
absesses, boils, cellulitis
hemorrhagic exudate - Answer contains blood, indicates bleeding
hematoma
T/F: inflammatory response is the first line of defense? - Answer true
health care associated infections (HAI) - Answer Results from delivery of health services in a
health care facility
patients who are at greater risk for HAIs - Answer - multiple illnesses
- older adults
- poorly nourished
- compromised immune system
Iatrogenic infection - Answer Type of HAI resulting from a procedure
exogenous infection - Answer from microorganisms outside the individual
endogenous infection - Answer when the patient's flora becomes altered and an overgrowth
results
factors influencing prevention and control - Answer - age
- nutritional status
- stress
- disease process
1 And All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
stress - Answer decreases immune system and makes the body more susceptible to infection
antibiotic overuse - Answer leads to resistance
infection - Answer the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms,
resulting in disease
colonization - Answer the presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without
tissue invasion or damage
communicable disease - Answer the infectious process transmitted from one person to
another
symptomatic - Answer clinical signs and symptoms are present
asymptomatic - Answer clinical signs and symptoms are not present
what is the easiest part of the chain of infection to control? - Answer mode of transmission
chain of infection - Answer infectious agent,
reservoir,
portal of exit,
mode of transmission,
portal of entry,
susceptible host
C. Diff - Answer Can't use hand sanitizer; must wash with soap and water
on hard surfaces bleach must be used
,Where does MRSA colonize? - Answer in the nose
Florence Nightingale - Answer reduced mortality rates in hospitals by changing sheets,
cleaning soldiers, and feeding them nutritious meals
when should you use antiseptic hand care? - Answer before and after patient contact
localized infection - Answer microbes enter the body and remain confined to a specific tissue
systemic infection - Answer an infection throughout the body
incubation period - Answer interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms
prodromal stage - Answer person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease
illness stage - Answer interval when patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of
infection
convalescence - Answer gradual recovery after an illness
normal flora - Answer microorganisms that are normally present in a specific site
- if disrupted person is at greater risk for acquiring a disease
E. coli - Answer part of the normal flora in the intestines. is the most common cause of UTI's
super infection - Answer occurs when good bacteria is eradicated by broad spectrum
antibiotics
skin defense mechanisms - Answer -intact multilayered surface
- shedding of outer layer of skin cells
-sebum
,eye defense mechanisms - Answer tearing and blinking
respiratory tract defense mechanisms - Answer - cilia lining upper respiratory tract, coated by
mucus
- macrophages
urinary tract defense mechanisms - Answer - flushing action of urine flow
- intact multilayered epithelium
gastrointestinal tract defense mechanisms - Answer - acidity of gastric secretions
- rapid peristalsis in small intestine
vagina defense mechanisms - Answer - at puberty normal florae causing vaginal secretions to
achieve low pH
inflammation- defense mechanism - Answer - signs if local inflammation and infection are
identical
- vascular and cellular response
- exudates
- tissue repair
characteristics of inflammation - Answer Heat
Induration (swelling)
Pain
Edema
Redness
serous exudate - Answer Watery, Clear : indicates early inflammation
skin blisters, pericarditis
fibrinous exudate - Answer Thick, clotted: indicates more advanced inflammation
, runny nose, as with common cold
purulent exudate - Answer Pus: indicates a bacterial infection
absesses, boils, cellulitis
hemorrhagic exudate - Answer contains blood, indicates bleeding
hematoma
T/F: inflammatory response is the first line of defense? - Answer true
health care associated infections (HAI) - Answer Results from delivery of health services in a
health care facility
patients who are at greater risk for HAIs - Answer - multiple illnesses
- older adults
- poorly nourished
- compromised immune system
Iatrogenic infection - Answer Type of HAI resulting from a procedure
exogenous infection - Answer from microorganisms outside the individual
endogenous infection - Answer when the patient's flora becomes altered and an overgrowth
results
factors influencing prevention and control - Answer - age
- nutritional status
- stress
- disease process
